Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in an apparently healthy Indian population - a cross-sectional retrospective study.

Objectives: An understanding of bone mineral density (BMD) pattern in a population is crucial for prevention and diagnosis of osteoporosis and management of its complications in later life. This study aimed to screen the bone health status and factors associated with osteoporosis in an apparently healthy Indian population.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was done in a tertiary-care hospital for the subjects who had undergone preventive health-check-ups that included BMD measurements at femur-neck, total-femur, and lumbar-spine.

Review of the Literature Examining the Association of Serum Uric Acid with Osteoporosis and Mechanistic Insights into Its Effect on Bone Metabolism.

Background And Objective: Osteoporosis is a common bone disorder that increases susceptibility to fragility bone fractures. The clinical and public health repercussions of osteoporosis are huge due to the morbidity, mortality, and cost of medical care linked with fragility fractures. Clinical assessment of osteoporotic risk factors can help to identify candidates at an early stage that will benefit from medical intervention and potentially lowering the morbidity and mortality seen with fractures and complications.

Raised serum uric acid is associated with higher bone mineral density in a cross-sectional study of a healthy Indian population.

Purpose: Oxidative stress has been implicated as a fundamental mechanism in the decline of bone mass. Reactive oxygen species are reported to suppress osteoblast generation and differentiation and enhance osteoclast development and activity. Increasing evidence suggests favorable effect of serum uric acid (UA) on bone metabolism due to its antioxidant properties.

Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Currently available antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs), despite being effective, do not provide adequate glycemic control in some cases and are associated with side effects. A sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, is a newer AHA, which acts by decreasing the reabsorption of filtered glucose thereby elevating the urinary glucose excretion in diabetics.

Areas Covered: This systematic review was completed to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of canagliflozin in T2DM.