Electrically-driven drug delivery into deep cutaneous tissue by conductive microneedles for fungal infection eradication and protective immunity.

Fungal infections affect over 13 million people worldwide and are responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. Some deep cutaneous fungal infections may extend the dermal barriers to cause systemic infection, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.

Effectiveness of Preprocedural Mouthwashes: A Triple-Blind Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Bioaerosols generated during dental treatment are considered to be potentially carriers of infectious respiratory pathogens. The use of preprocedural mouthwashes has been suggested to reduce microbial load prior to dental surgery procedures. However, limited evidence on the effectiveness of preprocedural mouthwashes regarding mitigating respiratory pathogens exists.

Clinician/Patient-Reported Outcomes and Their Association After Root Canal Treatment.

Introduction: The relationship between clinician-reported outcome measures (CROM) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) after root canal treatment is poorly understood. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) is a crucial PROM. Determination of the minimal important difference (MID) is critical for determining patients' perspective of treatment effectiveness, but the MID required to perceive any meaningful change in the OHRQOL after root canal treatment remains unclear.

Effect of Novel and Traditional Intracanal Medicaments on Biofilm Viability and Composition.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a combination of D-amino acids (DAAs) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) demonstrates superior antibiofilm activity to calcium hydroxide (CH) and untreated controls.

Methods: In this 3-part in vitro study, the concentration of DAAs (D-methionine, D-leucine, D-tyrosine, and D-tryptophan) that would significantly decrease Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces naeslundii biofilm biomass was first determined. Then, the effect of TC + selected DAAs on polymicrobial biofilms was characterized by quantifying the biomass and biofilm viability.

The Prevalence of and in Preschool Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of and in children with severe early childhood caries and caries-free children in Hong Kong. This study first recruited a total of 80 children aged between 48 and 72 months old, 40 children with severe early childhood caries, and 40 caries-free children. The children were then further divided into four groups, with 20 children in each group: Group 1: Severe early childhood caries-, Group 2: Severe early childhood caries-, Group 3: Caries-free- and Group 4: Caries-free-.

Satisfaction with government recommended pre-procedural mouth rinses in the mitigation of Covid-19 in Hong Kong SAR: A triple blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate satisfaction and acceptability with three pre-procedural mouthrinses recommended by the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material And Methods: A triple-blind parallel-arm randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted. Following eligibility assessment, participants were block-randomised to the three intervention pre-procedural mouthrinses groups: Povidone-iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorhexidine Digluconate.

Harnessing antimicrobial peptides in endodontics.

Endodontic therapy includes various procedures such as vital pulp therapy, root canal treatment and retreatment, surgical endodontic treatment and regenerative endodontic procedures. Disinfection and tissue repair are crucial for the success of these therapies, necessitating the development of therapeutics that can effectively target microbiota, eliminate biofilms, modulate inflammation and promote tissue repair. However, no current endodontic agents can achieve these goals.

Penetration of Calcium Silicate and Epoxy Resin Sealers Into the Lateral Canals.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to compare the penetration ability of calcium silicate-based sealers (iRoot SP and TotalFill BC HiFlow) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) into the lateral canals using the single-cone (SC) or continuous wave compaction (CW) obturation techniques.

Methods: Ninety single-rooted human teeth received canal instrumentation and diaphanisation before artificial lateral canals were created at 3 different root levels. The specimens were randomly allocated into 6 groups based on the combination of obturation technique and sealer used.

Mouthwashes: Alternatives and Future Directions.

This narrative review summarises "alternative" or "natural" over-the-counter (OTC) mouthwashes not covered elsewhere in this supplement and newly emerging products, as potential mouthwashes of the future. The "natural" mouthwashes reviewed include saltwater, baking soda, coconut oil, charcoal, propolis, seaweeds, and probiotics. Other than essential oils, it is apparent that their clinical effectiveness is still under debate, but there is some evidence to suggest that propolis reduces plaque and gingivitis.

Tissue Stabilization, Bacterial Adhesion, and Stem Cell Viability in Trans-cinnamaldehyde-conditioned Dentin.

Introduction: This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) conditioning on dentin tissue stabilization, bacterial adhesion, and stem cell toxicity.

Methods: Dentin beams (n = 204) from extracted human molars were demineralized in phosphoric acid and treated with TC (2.5, 5, and 7.

Effect of Dentine Conditioning with Silver Diamine Fluoride on Wettability of Root Canal Sealers.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that dentine treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF), a potent antimicrobial agent, following use of proteolytic and chelating agents does not influence the wettability of an epoxy resin (AH Plus, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) and a tricalcium silicate sealer (BioRoot RCS, Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France).

Methods: Seventy-two intraradicular dentine specimens were divided into six groups based on the final irrigation solutions used: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (NaOCl-EDTA) (group 1); NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl (group 2); NaOCl-EDTA followed by 3.

Effect of cryotherapy duration on experimentally induced connective tissue inflammation .

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy duration influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: Six Wistar rats () were used. Five sites were selected per animal and divided into 5 groups: a negative control group (NC), 2 positive control groups (PC1 and PC2), and 2 experimental groups (E1 and E2).

Intracellular bacterial eradication using a novel peptide in vitro.

Aim: To determine the effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP; OP145) and cell-penetrating peptide (Octa-arginine/R8) conjugate on the killing of intracellular Enterococcus faecalis, compared to OP145 and an antibiotic combination recommended for regenerative endodontic procedures.

Methodology: The biocompatible concentrations of OP145 and OP145-R8 were determined by assessing their cytotoxicity against human macrophages and red blood cells. Spatiotemporal internalization of the peptides into macrophages was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry respectively.

Accumulated Hard Tissue Debris and Root Canal Shaping Profiles Following Instrumentation with Gentlefile, One Curve, and Reciproc Blue.

Introduction: This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) and shaping performance following root canal instrumentation with a novel stainless steel rotary system (Gentlefile; MedicNRG, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel) compared with two single-file nickel-titanium instruments of different kinematics through micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis.

Methods: Thirty isthmus-containing mesial roots of human mandibular molars with a curvature of 15°-35° were scanned with micro-CT at an isotropic resolution of 12 μm and randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) according to the instruments used for canal preparation: Gentlefile (GF; #23/.04), One Curve (OC; #25/.

Revisiting ESKAPE Pathogens: virulence, resistance, and combating strategies focusing on quorum sensing.

The human-bacterial association is long-known and well-established in terms of both augmentations of human health and attenuation. However, the growing incidents of nosocomial infections caused by the ESKAPE pathogens (, , , , , and sp.) call for a much deeper understanding of these organisms.

Evaluation of machine-assisted irrigation on removal of intracanal biofilm and extrusion of sodium hypochlorite using a three-dimensionally printed root canal model.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the biofilm removal and apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) following machine-assisted irrigation using a three-dimensionally (3D) printed dentin-insert model.

Methods: Multispecies biofilms were formed in a 3D-printed curved root canal model with dentin insert. The model was then placed in a container that was filled with 0.

A heptadeca amino acid peptide subunit of cathelicidin LL-37 has previously unreported antifungal activity.

Yeasts such as Candida albicans, albeit being ubiquitous members of the skin, oral and vaginal microbiome, can cause superficial to life-threatening infections. Human cathelicidin LL-37-based peptides have antibacterial activity and yet, their antifungal activity remains to be thoroughly characterized. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the activity of LL-37-based peptides against C.

The presence of in saliva as a risk factor for endodontic infection.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate and correlate the prevalence of in saliva and in root canals with different pulpal and periapical conditions.

Methodology: Sixty-seven patients were divided into five groups based on pulpal and periapical tissue status: healthy vital teeth (HVT, n=7), healthy treated teeth without lesion (HTT, n=9), irreversible pulpitis (IP, n=13), necrosis (N, n=18), and post-treatment apical periodontitis (PTAP, n=20). Saliva, rubber dam, sterility control and pre-treatment root canal samples were collected and microbiologically processed by culture method.

One-Pot Preparation of Cetylpyridinium Chloride-Containing Nanoparticles for Biofilm Eradication.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been widely used due to their excellent antimicrobial activity. However, using the technology where nanomaterials are employed as drug carriers to deliver QAC drugs has not been fully explored. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with short rod morphology were synthesized in a one-pot reaction using an antiseptic drug cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC).

Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars with Non-carious Cervical Lesions Restored with Different Post Systems.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the (i) presence of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) and (ii) type of post system have no effect on the fracture resistance and pattern in endodontically treated maxillary premolars.

Methods: Human maxillary first premolars (n=60) with two root canals were randomly allocated into four groups (n=15). Buccal wedge-shaped NCCLs were prepared in 45 teeth specimens.

Effect of magnifying loupes on tooth preparation of complete coverage crown: A quantitative assessment using a digital approach.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of magnifying loupes (×2.5) on the quality of tooth preparation for complete coverage crowns; performed by predoctoral students using an objective and quantitative digital method.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two predoctoral students were randomly assigned into 2 groups to perform tooth preparation for a complete coverage crown on a mandibular first molar in a manikin, with and without the use of magnifying loupes.