Etiology of Hemoptysis in Children and Adolescents - Multicentric Retrospective Data (2012-2021) From Chennai.

Objective: To analyze the etiology of hemoptysis in children and to correlate the severity of bleed with the etiology.

Methods: This retrospective multicentre study reviewed data from inpatient units of four tertiary care public and private sector pediatric hospitals in Tamil Nadu. Methods: Inpatient case records of children (aged 2 month-15 years) treated for hemoptysis at the four institutions between April, 2012 and March, 2021 were identified, after ethical clearance from respective institutions.

Comparison of Asthma Control among Children 5-18 Years of Age by Asthma Control Test Questionnaire of Global Initiative for Asthma 2017 (GINA-2017) Against Spirometry.

Objective: To compare asthma control by Asthma Control Test (ACT)/Childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) Questionnaire of Global Initiative for Asthma 2017 (GINA-2017) against spirometry in children, 5-18 y of age, with asthma.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between July 2017 and March 2019 in pulmonology OPD of a tertiary care center. Children with asthma aged 5-18 y, falling under the inclusion criteria had spirometry and cACT/ACT questionnaire before starting inhaled corticosteroids.

Clinical Profile of Adolescents With Delayed Puberty.

One year study on forty-eight adolescents with delayed puberty revealed etiology of constitutional delay, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, chronic systemic disease, hypothyroidism and sex reversal in 14(29.2%), 13 (27%), 12 (25%), 5 (10.4%), 3 (6.

Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Pediatric Skin Care.

Objective: To develop standard recommendations for skin care in neonates, infants and children to aid the pediatrician to provide quality skin care to infants and children.

Justification: Though skin is the largest organ in the body with vital functions, skin care in children especially in newborns and infants, is not given the due attention that is required. There is a need for evidence-based recommendations for the care of skin of newborn babies and infants in India.

Impact of the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in an urban setting in southern India.

Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae type b was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children below the age of two years prior to the introduction of H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. In December 2011, the Indian government introduced H.

Bacterial meningitis in children <2 years of age in a tertiary care hospital in South India: an assessment of clinical and laboratory features.

Objectives: To assess the clinical and laboratory features of suspected meningitis to assist in the accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in young Indian children.

Study Design: Children <2 years of age with clinical suspicion of meningitis were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory information was collected, and cases were classified based on cerebrospinal fluid findings as clinical, aseptic, or probable and confirmed bacterial meningitis.

Prospective multi-centre sentinel surveillance for Haemophilus influenzae type b & other bacterial meningitis in Indian children.

Background & Objectives: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading bacterial causes of invasive disease in populations without access to Hib conjugate vaccines (Hib-CV). India has recently decided to introduce Hib-CV into the routine immunization programme in selected States. Longitudinal data quantifying the burden of bacterial meningitis and the proportion of disease caused by various bacteria are needed to track the impact of Hib-CV once introduced.

Risk factors for mortality in community acquired pneumonia among children aged 1-59 months admitted in a referral hospital.

Objective: To determine the case fatality rate and factors for death in community acquired pneumonia among children aged 1 month to 59 months admitted in a referral Hospital.

Design: Hospital based retrospective study.

Setting: Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai.

Clinical profile of scrub typhus in children.

Objective: To study the clinical profile and outcome of scrub typhus cases admitted in an urban referral centre.

Methods: This descriptive study describes the clinical profile of 67 children with scrub typhus, who were admitted in an urban referral centre(ICH & HC,Chennai) during the period between October 2010 and March 2011.The diagnosis was confirmed by IgM ELISA.

Indications and outcome of flexible bronchoscopy in neonates.

Objective: To analyse the indications, safety and outcome of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in neonates.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Level III neonatal unit (ICH, Chennai) and included 84 neonates with various respiratory problems admitted over a 3 y period.

Results: The indications included stridor (18%), persistent radiological abnormalities (44%), unexplained wheeze/respiratory distress (21%) and others (17%).

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in unresolved atelectasis in infants.

This retrospective analysis documents the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in finding the etiology of 56 cases of unresolved atelectasis in infancy, over a two year period (June 2005 to May 2007). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy identified the etiology leading to a revised diagnosis and change in management strategy in 38 (67.8%) cases, which included congenital airway anomalies (46.

Mantoux and contact positivity in tuberculosis.

Objective: To study the role of Mantoux and contact history in various forms of Childhood tuberculosis.

Methods: 605 children registered with TB clinic of Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai over a 5 year period from January 2000 to October 2005 with various forms of tuberculosis were recruited in the study. Clinical examination findings, basic investigations, chest skiagrams, computerized tomography (CT) wherever warranted, sputum or gastric aspirates for AFB smear, histopathology wherever possible were analyzed.

Pediatric interstitial lung disease.

This study was done to ascertain the symptomatology, clinical features and investigations pertaining to interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in children. The medical records of 16 children admitted over a 4-year period from June 2000 to May 2004 with progressive cough, dyspnea, and chest X-ray/High Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) abnormalities suggesting ILD were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical findings, investigations, chest skiagrams, HRCT, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung biopsy reports were analyzed.

Effectiveness of ampicillin and combination of penicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of pneumonias: randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of ampicillin and a combination of benzyl penicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of pneumonias.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital.

Missed opportunities for immunization in children under 2 years attending an urban teaching hospital.

A cross-sectional survey was done to assess the missed opportunity for immunization (MOI) in children under two years of age attending Medical Outpatient, Newborn Follow-up Service and Immunization Clinic of Institute of Child Health and to evaluate interventions. Baseline survey phase-I was done and two interventions: (i) education and awareness of immunization among health personnel; and (ii) attaching immunization slip to the outpatient form were done. After each intervention phase-II and phase-III surveys were carried out.

Etiological agents of acute poliomyelitis in south India.

This study was done to identify the specific etiological agents that cause acute poliomyelitis (APM). All the children newly diagnosed clinically as APM at the Institute of Child Health, Madras, during the period May 1988 to May 1989 were recruited. Stool specimen collection, transportation and identification of viruses by culture were done by standard procedures.

Evaluation of CSF variables as a diagnostic test for bacterial meningitis.

Specific aetiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (BM) in developing countries is often difficult. Frequently, differentiating BM from viral and TB meningitis is not easy. A study was carried out with the easily and quickly performed CSF morphological and biochemical changes as a diagnostic test against the gold standard of CSF culture and/or the latex agglutination test (LAT).

Bacterial meningitis: diagnosis by latex agglutination test and clinical features.

To know the usefulness of Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (BM), it was performed in all the 114 consecutive samples of CSF with polymorphs from 114 prospectively recruited children aged 2 months to 11 years. Definite diagnosis of BM based on culture and/or LAT was evident in 55. Among the 46 LAT positive, culture was positive in 3 only.

Intramuscular injection as a provoking factor for paralysis in acute poliomyelitis. A case control study.

In order to identify the role of intramuscular injection (IM) as a provoking factor for poliomyelitis, a case control study as done at the Institute of Child Health, Madras from May 1988 to May 1989. The case was defined as acute poliomyelitis if he had acute asymmetric flaccid paralysis of lower motor neurone type without objective sensory disturbance following a short episode of fever. Controls were taken from children attending outpatient department for fever.

Clinical efficacy of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine: a case-control study.

A case-control study was carried out between May 1988 and May 1989 to assess the effectiveness of three doses of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (TOPV3) in children aged 6-35 months in Madras city. All the cases were patients with acute paralytic poliomyelitis who were residing in Madras city and were hospitalized in the Institute of Child Health; they represented 95% of such cases in the city. The diagnosis was based on clinical grounds and confirmed by stool culture which was positive in 60%.