Genetic characterization of influenza B virus and oseltamivir resistance in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections: a cross-sectional study.

Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) drug usage can result in NAI resistance, especially in children and individuals with weakened immune systems. The aim of the present study was to identify NAI-resistant variants of IBV and to introduce probable novel mutations, phylogenetic study, and its epitope mapping based on NA gene in patients from Shiraz, Iran. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2017 and 2018 on symptomatic children.

A challenging case of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscess with capsular polysaccharide hyperproduction: a case report.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a major public health problem, necessitating the administration of polymyxin E (colistin) as a last-line antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mortality rate associated with colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is seriously increasing.

Prevalence of Influenza Viruses A and B, Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Human Metapneumonia Viruses among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection.

Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. The majority of acute respiratory infections in children are caused by viruses, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most frequently encountered. Other important viral pathogens include human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses, adenovirus, and influenza.

Bioinformatics and Structural Analysis of Antigenic Variation in the Hemagglutinin Gene of the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Circulating in Shiraz (2013 to 2015).

Circulating influenza A virus provided an excellent opportunity to study the adaptation of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to the human host. Particularly, due to the availability of sequences taken from isolates, we could monitor amino acid changes and the stability of mutations that occurred in hemagglutinin (HA). HA is crucial to viral infection because it binds to ciliated cell receptors and mediates the fusion of cells and viral membranes; because antibodies that bind to HA may block virus entry to the cell, this protein is subjected to high selective pressure.

Death Reporting in Breakthrough and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cases.

Vaccines are undeniably an important tool for controlling infectious disease outbreaks, and they are the most certain way to end the epidemic risk. This brief report describes the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths among breakthrough and unvaccinated cases hospitalized in Fars province in the south of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed to compare breakthrough and unvaccinated death cases in Fars, Iran (February 2, to August 19, 2021).

Liver Biomarkers Assay in COVID-19 Cases: A Comparison Study between Alive and Dead Patients.

Background: Identifying effective biomarkers plays a critical role on screening; rapid diagnosis; proper managements and therapeutic options, which is helpful in preventing serious complications. The present study aimed to compare the liver laboratory tests between alive and dead hospitalized cases for prediction and proper management of the patients.

Methods: This retrospective, cross sectional study consists of all deceased patients admitted in one center in Shiraz, Iran during 19 Feb 2020 to 22 Aug 2021.

Molecular diversity survey on diarrheagenic isolates among children with gastroenteritis in Fars, Iran.

To differentiate isolates from diarrheal pediatric patients in clinical laboratories. Patients with watery diarrhea were selected for sampling and tested for diarrheagenic  (DEC) by API kit. DEC isolates were tested for phylotyping, pathotyping and presence of determined virulence-encoding genes by specific molecular methods.

Prevalence and clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus infection among suspected patients of herpes simplex encephalitis in Shiraz, Iran.

Encephalitis has infectious and noninfectious etiology. Among infectious agents, viruses are the main causes of encephalitis; Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is known as the most common causative agent of viral encephalitis. In this current cross-sectional investigation, we aimed to assess the prevalence of HSV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE) suspected patients and also determining the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of this viral complication.

Gold nanoparticles show potential in vitro antiviral and anticancer activity.

Aims: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been attracted interests in the various areas of clinical therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the anticancer and antiviral potential activity of AuNPs against influenza A virus and human glioblastoma (GMB) U-87 and U-251 cell lines.

Main Methods: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by citrate reduction method.

Investigation of genetic variation: Neuraminidase gene of influenza A virus H1N1/pdm09, Shiraz, Iran (2015-2016).

Oseltamivir and antiviral agents are frequently used for the prevention and treatment of influenza infection. However, resistance to oseltamivir has been reported globally due to a mutation in the Influenza virus neuraminidase gene. Such resistance will be detected by genotyping and phenotyping studies of viral isolates.

Prevalence of underlying diseases in died cases of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Underlying disease have a critical role in vulnerability of populations for a greater morbidity and mortality when they suffer from COVID-19. The aim of current study is evaluating the prevalence of underlying disease in died people with COVID-19.

Methods: The current study have been conducted according to PRISMA guideline.

Three Year Study of Infection Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern from Burn Patients in Southwest Iran.

Introduction: Burn wound infections, as one of the most important risk factors, cause serious complications in burns. Hence, the focus of medical care should be preventing infections and resistant isolates. The current study investigates the prevalence of infectious agents and antimicrobial resistance patterns during three years.

Hidden threat lurking behind the alcohol sanitizers in COVID-19 outbreak.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has made various challenges for communications all over the world. Nowadays hand hygiene practices with alcohol sanitizers are an unavoidable reality for many people, which cause skin dryness and flaking. The current short communication has been explained about monitoring the quality control of alcohol concentrations and hand rub formulation, which needs more attention and should consider meticulous in this crisis.

Antibiotic resistant profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Different microorganisms contribute in the pregnancy bacteriuria, which resistance microorganisms limited the therapeutic options for the treatment and increasing the related risks to pregnant women and their pregnancy. Based on this, asymptomatic bacteriuria and the use of inappropriate empirical antibiotics are dangerous in the emergence of pregnancy complications and the incidence of drug resistant.

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was performed on all international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane library during 2000 - June 2019.

Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: In the beginning of 2020, an unexpected outbreak due to a new corona virus made the headlines all over the world. Exponential growth in the number of those affected makes this virus such a threat. The current meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of underlying disorders in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Evaluating the Saliva of Burn ICU Patients for Resistant Infections Harbor Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are the bacteria which increasingly account for nosocomial infections. Due to high virulence, the rate of Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) and limited availability of new agents, these infections create significant clinical burdens, making it important to identify the possible sources of their occurrence. The aim of this study was to assess non-lactose fermenting bacteria and their metallo-β-lactamase (MBLs) genes expression in the Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU) patients' saliva samples.

Integron-Related Resistance in New Emerged Staphylococcus lugdunensis Infection in Burn Patients.

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species that may cause various infections with unusual severity. In spite of the administration of various antibiotics, infections caused by such bacteria are become resistant significantly. Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes, especially by Integron structures, exacerbates the prevalence of resistant strains.

Possibility of BKV-Associated Nephropathy in Hospitalized Burn Patients.

Although renal failure in burn patients results from some defined reasons, there are various causes which are still unclear. BK virus is a human polyomavirus, which, in case of reactivation, can cause late-onset renal dysfunction and cystitis among immunodeficient patients such as transplant, pregnant, diabetic, and HIV patients. Regarding the related challenges, Polyomavirus BK (BKV), as a ubiquitous virus, is considered as one of the potential threats in the occurrence of Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PAN).

Plasmid-related β-lactamase genes in isolates: a molecular study in burn patients.

One of the most important resistant mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria is extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Harbour-related genes on plasmids, increase the risk of resistance transmission among commonly reported hospital infections. This study was designed to explore the dissemination of producing ESBLs on their plasmids recovered from the different wards of Amir-Al-Momenin burn center, Affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Isolation of in the saliva samples of patient candidates for liver transplantation.

Background: Liver transplantation has turn into a standard management for chronic liver failure (CLF), and the number of recipients increased during the last few years. Enterococci are progressively related to nosocomial and opportunistic infections. Oral cavity may act as a reservoir for this species, especially in cases with oral infection.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on Exo-toxins prevalence in hospital acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that produces widespread and often overwhelming infections. Among different virulence factors, toxins are important bacterial agent which increases PA pathogenesis especially in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of exotoxin production in PA isolates in the world.