Evaluation of serum procalcitonin levels for diagnosis of secondary bacterial infections in visceral leishmaniasis patients.

Abstract. Secondary bacterial infections are a major complication and cause of death in children with visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Thus, early diagnosis of bacterial infections is an important step in the treatment of patients with VL.

Actinomycosis as a neglected diagnosis of mediastinal mass.

Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare disease in children. Diagnosis is typically delayed, since the presentation can be very similar to that of malignant tumors, tuberculosis, and fungal infections. We here present the case of a 9-year-old girl who was treated for tuberculosis at the first presentation, for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the second presentation, and for chronic granulomatous disease at the third presentation before actinomycosis was finally diagnosed by culture.