Antiangiogenic Molecules Suppressed Meningioma-Induced Neovascularization: A Corneal Angiogenesis Study.

Aim: To investigate the angiogenic effects of bevacizumab and imatinib on different meningioma tissue grades.

Material And Methods: In this study, in silico analysis of angiogenesis-related gene expression was carried out using previously reported datasets. Messenger ribonucleic acid expressions of VEGFA, VEGFB, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB genes were obtained from two different meningioma transcriptome datasets.

Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Valid Salvage Treatment Option.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a dismal disease. Recurrence is inevitable despite initial surgery and postoperative temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy. Salvage surgery is the standard treatment in selected patients.

Thalamic abscess caused by a rare pathogen: .

is a microorganism that lives commensally in the oropharyngeal region, urogenital region, and intestinal tract. However, it can cause infection in patients with certain predisposing factors. Rarely, this microorganism can cause a brain abscess.

A thoracic vertebral brown tumor presenting with paraparesis in a patient with end-stage renal disease.

Vertebral brown tumors are rare, non-neoplastic bone lesions that occur in the setting of hyperparathyroidism. There are differences in the management of them in the literature. Because brown tumors usually resolve after a parathyroidectomy.

Surgical Exposure Gained in an Extended Retrosigmoid Approach to the Cerebellopontine Angle Compared to the Traditional Retrosigmoid Approach.

Aim: Retrosigmoid approach to the posterior fossa has been a popular and dependable approach for accessing the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and petroclival region. Although this approach is commonly used, it requires cerebellar retraction and has limitations when the lesion is located ventral to the brainstem. The aim was to quantify the angle of view provided by extended retrosigmoid approach in comparison to the traditional approach.

Spontaneous Rhinorrhea mimicking sinusitis.

Spotaneous or non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is an uncommon condition and may present a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. This condition is often being misdiagnosed for allergic rhintis or chronic sinusitis since the precipitating cause is not readily apperent in most patients. The mechanism of rhinorrhea is stil not completely clarified.

Primary Dural Spinal Lymphoma Presentation of a Rare Spinal Tumor Case.

Background. Primary spinal dural lymphomas (PSDL) are tumors with characteristic histopathology of a lymphoma, which are completely in the spinal epidural space without any other systemic involvement. Extranodal primary lymphoma involving nervous system prefers thalamus/basal ganglia, periventricular region, cerebellum, eyes, meninges/dura, and cranial nerves or spinal cord.

Intraoperative antepulsion of a posterior lumbar interbody fusion cage: three case reports.

Spinal fusion surgery techniques develop together with technologic advancements. New complications are seen as the result of new techniques and these may be very severe due to spinal cord and vascular structures in the lumbar region. The posterior lumbar interbody fusion cage (PLIFC) was shown to enhance spinal fusion and to prevent pseudoarthrosis due to its basic dynamic characteristics.

Choroid plexus carcinoma in adults: an extremely rare case.

Choroid plexus tumors are rare intraventricular papillary neoplasms derived from choroid plexus epithelium, which account for approximately 2% to 4% of intracranial tumors in children and 0.5% in adults. Almost all choroid plexus carcinomas are seen in children and are extremely rare in adults.

The Supraorbital Keyhole Approach.

Aim: The major aim of the present anatomical study was to demonstrate the anatomical structures that can be visualized using the supraorbital keyhole approach, both endoscopically and microscopically, from an eyebrow incision to intracranial structures. Furthermore, it defines an optimal craniotomy for surgery.

Methods: Fine dissection was performed on each side of 5 formalin-fixed adult cadavers according to the surgical procedures of the supraorbital keyhole approach, and each step was documented both endoscopically and microscopically.

Intradural communication between dorsal rootlets of spinal nerves: their clinical significance.

Background: Anatomical and surgical textbooks give almost no attention to the intradural communications between dorsal rootlets of adjacent spinal nerves. These communications can be of significance in various neurosurgical procedures and clinical conditions of the region.

Methods: The spinal cord of six formaldehyde-fixed cadavers was dissected from C1-S5.

In vivo effect of pregnancy on angiogenesis potential of arteriovenous malformation tissue samples: an experimental study.

Background: Increased angiogenic potential of cerebrovascular malformations during pregnancy may help to explain the complications of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in this group of patients. This experimental study investigated the effect of pregnancy on angiogenic activity of implanted AVM tissue samples.

Methods: A subject group of 10 pregnant rats and 10 non-pregnant rats as controls were used.

Anatomy of the spinal dorsal root entry zone: its clinical significance.

Background: The posterolateral sulcus (PLS) is an important surgical landmark, especially for DREZ (dorsal root entry zone) operations.

Methods: The present study aimed to show the variations of the PLS using human spinal cord histological sections and report the variability in the number of dorsal rootlets of the spinal nerves in each the spinal cord segment. Further, measure the height and width of the dorsal horn on histological sections for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels.

Short term effects of classic massage compared to connective tissue massage on pressure pain threshold and muscle relaxation response in women with chronic neck pain: a preliminary study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of classic massage (CM) and connective tissue massage (CTM) on pressure pain threshold and muscle relaxation response in women with chronic neck pain.

Methods: Participants included 45 female volunteers (ages between 25 and 45 years) presenting to the Köroglu State Hospital Neurosurgery Polyclinic who had experienced neck pain for 3 to 6 months. The volunteers were randomly assigned to 2 groups (CM or CTM to the thoracic spine and the neck).

A sine-wave-shaped skin incision for inserting deep-brain stimulators.

Background: The sine-wave-shaped skin incision is a technique that minimizes skin-related complications near burr hole caps after electrode placement for deep-brain stimulation (DBS).

Methods: Between 2011 and 2013, 54 DBS electrodes were implanted in 27 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, or dystonia. The sine-wave incision was used in 26 patients and conventional bilateral linear scalp incisions were used in one patient.

Accuracy of fluoroscopically-assisted pedicle screw placement: analysis of 1,218 screws in 198 patients.

Background Context: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 1,218 pedicle screws for accuracy, with postoperative computed tomography (CT), in 198 patients who were operated on between March 2004 and September 2012.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of screw misplacement in patients who received a transpedicular screw fixation, with intraoperative fluoroscopy in the lateral and lateral with anteroposterior (AP) positions. The results are compared between the two groups.

Determining the morphometry and variations of the confluens sinuum and related structures via a silicone painting technique on autopsy patients.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the morphometric and morphologic structures of the confluens sinuum (CS) and related structures with a silicone painting technique. We studied 30 cadavers. Twelve of them were washed with alcohol and filled with a silicone painting technique via the vena jugularis interna, internal carotid artery, and vertebral artery.

Falcine venous plexus within the falx cerebri: anatomical and scanning electron microscopic findings and clinical significance.

Background: Only limited attention has been paid to the anatomy and clinical importance of the falcine venous plexus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the falcine venous plexus anatomically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to provide guidance for neurosurgical approaches.

Methods: Latex or ink was injected into the superior and inferior sagittal sinus.

Laboratory training in the retrosigmoid approach using cadaveric silicone injected cow brain.

Background: A neurosurgical laboratory training model is designed for trainees in microneurosurgery to learn to handle surgical microscopes and microneurosurgical instruments. The silicone injection of a fresh cadaveric cow cranium is an alternative to using a cadaveric human brain for becoming familiar with the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) via the retrosigmoid approach. To report an improved method for training in the CPA via the retrosigmoid approach, using a fresh cadaveric cow cranium injected with silicone.

A variation of the cords of the brachial plexus on the right and a communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerves on the left upper limb: a unique case.

During routine anatomical dissection of the upper extremity of a 64-year-old cadaver for educational purposes, we observed variations in the brachial plexus on each side. On the right an anomaly of cord formation was present and on the left there was a communication between the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) and median nerve (MN). On the right side the brachial plexus showed two trunks, superior (C5 and C6) and inferior (C7, C8, and T1); the middle trunk was absent.

Symptomatic pneumorrhachis.

Pneumorrhachis (PR) is the presence of air within the spinal canal, whether localized in the epidural or in the subarachnoid space. Evidence of intraspinal air, especially in the subarachnoid space, had been thought to be merely a radiological artifact of serious underlying pathology until it was proven that PRs can be related to neurologic symptoms ranging from radicular pain to serious neurologic deficits. The etiologies, pathomechanisms, and natural courses show differences from case to case, with the result that no consistent treatment strategies exist in the literature.

A practical laboratory study simulating the lumbar microdiscectomy: training model in fresh cadaveric sheep spine.

Laboratory training models are essential for developing and refining surgical skills prior to clinical application of spinal surgery. A simple simulation model is needed for young residents to learn how to handle instruments and to perform safe lumbar approaches. Our aim is to present a practical laboratory model using a fresh sheep lumbar spine that allows to simulate lumbar microdiscectomy in humans.

A unique case of intradural communicating branches between the accessory nerve and the dorsal roots of the cervical spinal nerves.

Objective: The accessory nerve has cranial and spinal roots. The cranial roots emerge from the medulla, whereas the spinal roots arise from motor cells within the ventral horn of C1-C7 segments of the spinal cord. Communications have been described between the spinal accessory nerve rootlets and the dorsal rootlets of cervical spinal nerves.

The denticulate ligament: anatomical properties, functional and clinical significance.

Background: It is widely believed that the main function of denticulate ligaments (DLs) is to stabilize the spinal cord within the vertebral canal. The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical and histological structure of the DLs and to document any regional differences.

Methods: Five formalin-fixed adult cadavers were used.

A laboratory training model using fresh sheep spines for pedicular screw fixation.

Background: Laboratory training models are essential for developing and refining surgical skills prior to clinical application of spinal surgery. A simple simulation model is needed for young residents to learn how to handle instruments and to perform safe posterior lumbar approaches. Our aim is to present a practical laboratory model using a fresh sheep lumbar spine that simulates the pedicular screw fixation in spine surgery.