Low-complexity and low-latency equalization technique - probabilistic noise cancellation.

Both inside data centers (DCs) and in short optical links between data centers (DC campuses), intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IMDD) systems using four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) will dominate this decade due to low transceiver price and power consumption. The next DC transceiver generation based on 100 Gbaud PAM4 will require advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms and more powerful forward error correction (FEC) codes. Because of bandwidth limitations, the conventional DC DSP based on a few-tap linear feed-forward equalizer (FFE) is likely to be upgraded to more complex but still low-complexity Volterra equalizers followed by a noise whitening filter and either a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) or a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) algorithm.

Long-lasting undetected neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the nervous system, nevertheless, it can remain undetected for a long period of time, especially if it occurs in non endemic areas and regions with low-endemicity. Inadequate diagnostic procedures and lack of clinician's dedication towards this health issue can lead to a missed diagnose. Herein, we present a case of a 51-year-old male, with a missed diagnosis of neurocysticercosis for more than two decades.

Correlation between multiple cerebral aneurysms and a rare type of segmental duplication of the middle cerebral artery.

Background: Connection between the duplication of the middle cerebral artery (DMCA) and the presence of multiple aneurysms has been described in a small number of cases.

Case Presentation: The presence of a rare type of DMCA associated with cerebral aneurysms was diagnosed in 56 year old woman after a rupture of an aneurysm on the dorsal segment of the DMCA. .

Association between Circle of Willis Configuration and Rupture of Cerebral Aneurysms.

Unlabelled: : Intracranial hemorrhage caused by the rupture of brain aneurysms occurs in almost 10 per 100,000 people whereas the incidence of such aneurysms is significantly higher, accounting for 4-9%.Linking certain factors to cerebral aneurysm rupture could help in explaining the significantly lower incidence of their rupture compared to their presence. The aim of this study is to determine the association between the corresponding circle of Willis configurations and rupture of cerebral aneurysms.

Nonlinearity mitigation of intensity modulation and coherent detection systems.

Coherent optical communication systems are still too expensive for metro and short reach networks in the near future. Coherent detection with an intensity modulator replacing a costly dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator could offer a good trade-off between cost and performance for metro networks. The major performance limit of such systems is the nonlinearity.

Spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma in elderly people - Arterial hypertension and other risk factors.

Background: The risk factors implicated in the genesis of chronic subdural hematomas include old age, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, arachnoid cysts, coagulopathy, anticoagulant (ACTh) and antiplatelet drugs. However, no study has reported an association between arterial hypertension (HTA) and chronic subdural hematomas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HTA is a risk factor for spontaneous chronic subdural hematomas (SCSDHs).

Partial response signaling for improved chromatic dispersion tolerance in intensity modulation optical transmissions.

We investigate partial response signaling (PRS) as a way of increasing the transmission length achievable by direct detection optical systems. The performance of the duobinary and PRS modulations is evaluated against that of conventional on-off-keying (OOK). We prove by simulation and experimentally that duobinary increases the link distance by up to 1.

Single-lane 180 Gb/s DB-PAM-4-signal transmission over an 80 km DCF-free SSMF link.

We experimentally demonstrate the generation and successful transmission of a single-lane 180 Gb/s (90 GBd) duo-binary four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (DB-PAM-4) signal over an 80 km standard single-mode fiber with a net data-rate of 150 Gb/s, enabled by a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator-aided dispersion pre-compensation. A net data rate of 168 Gb/s is also achievable, for ranges up to 40 km. To mitigate bandwidth limitations and error spreading, pre-coded DB-PAM-4 is used; the pre-coding provides a gain of approximately 1 dB.

Cost-effective single-lane 112 Gb/s solution for mobile fronthaul and access applications.

We experimentally demonstrate the possibility of transmitting 112  Gb/s PAM-4 signals over 30-km standard single-mode fibers with commercial 20-GHz components. The impact on system performance of three different equalization schemes-feed-forward equalizer (FFE), Volterra filter (VF), and maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE)-is investigated and compared. We prove that the |x| and x|x| components of the VF can efficiently reduce the chirp-induced signal skew distortion, and that an MLSE with only four states can be used to remove the error floor.

Single-lane 180 Gbit/s PAM-4 signal transmission over 2 km SSMF for short-reach applications.

We experimentally demonstrate the generation and transmission of a single-lane 180  Gbit/s (90 GBaud) four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signal in an intensity-modulation direct-detection system with a 7.5 GHz 3 dB bandwidth. The generated signal is transmitted over a 2 km standard single-mode fiber with, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported net data rate in the C-band: 150  Gbit/s.

Apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of cerebral gliomas malignancy.

Background/aim: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key modality not only for lesion diagnosis, but also to evaluate the extension, type and grade of the tumor. Advanced MRI techniques provide physiologic information that complements the anatomic information available from conventional MRI. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps of intracranial glial tumors and histopathologic findings and whether ADCs can reliably distinguish low-grade from high-grade gliomas.

Improvement of sexual function in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia by pharmacologic therapy.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes disorders of voiding and sexual function. Phar- macologic therapy reduces symptoms of voiding thus impacting sexual function.

Objective: To determine sex life status in men with BPH before and after pharmacologic treatment adapted to achieve satisfactory sexual function.

De novo mutation in the NOTCH3 gene causing CADASIL.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one of the most common hereditary forms of stroke, and migraine with aura, mood disorders and dementia. CADASIL is caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene. This mutation is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

A rare case of retroperitoneal malignant Triton tumor invading renal vein and small intestine.

Introduction: Malignant Triton tumor is a very rare malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Most of those tumors occur in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease or as a late complication of irradiation and commonly seen in the head, neck, extremities and trunk.

Case Report: We reported retroperitoneal malignant Triton tumor in a 57-year-old female patient.

Giant renal oncocytoma.

Background: Renal onkocytoma is a distinctive benign tumor derived from epithelial cells of the distal renal tubules. These tumors are often clinically asymptomatic, diagnosed accidentally and difficult to distinguish from renal cell carcinoma.

Case Report: We presented a giant renal onkocytoma in a man aged 64, without any signs or symptoms of the urogenital system disorder.

Presence of anatomical variations of the circle of Willis in patients undergoing surgical treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Background/aim: The presence of aneurysmal changes on the brain blood vessels has been subject to numerous research. This study investigated the relation between ruptured aneurysms and anatomical configuration of the Circle of Willis, with the purpose to obtain an insight into their mutual connection.

Methods: The analysis included 114 patients suffering from ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

[Relation of serum prostate-specific antigen and the Gleason grade in patients with prostatic carcinoma].

The prostatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant tumors of men over 50 years of age. It is distinguished by aggressive clinical course and heterogeneous multifocal histomorphologic changes. PSA is the most reliable serum marker in diagnostics and observation of prostatic carcinoma, and Gleason's system of tumor-diferentiation grading is generally accepted way of determining the histologic grade.