Diallel analysis, maternal effect and heritability in groundnut for yield components and oil content.

Background: Groundnut is one of the world's major food and oil crops. Being sources of nutrition and vegetable oil, rich in affordable and digestible protein, it is a strategic crop in Burkina Faso for food security, nutrition, and cash income. Understanding the nature of gene effect and genetic variation affecting yield and yield component traits will contribute to designing appropriate breeding methods for groundnut improvement and increase selection efficiency in Burkina Faso.

Characterization of adaptation mechanisms in sorghum using a multireference back-cross nested association mapping design and envirotyping.

Identifying the genetic factors impacting the adaptation of crops to environmental conditions is of key interest for conservation and selection purposes. It can be achieved using population genomics, and evolutionary or quantitative genetics. Here we present a sorghum multireference back-cross nested association mapping population composed of 3,901 lines produced by crossing 24 diverse parents to 3 elite parents from West and Central Africa-back-cross nested association mapping.

Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security.

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local, regional, and global agricultural systems. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance, productivity, and profitability under climate-changed environments.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of African Sorghum ( L. Moench) Accessions Assessed through Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Markers.

Assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated sorghum is important for heterotic grouping, breeding population development, marker-assisted cultivar development, and release. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity and deduce the population structure of 200 sorghum accessions using diversity arrays technology (DArT)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.

Exploring the sorghum race level diversity utilizing 272 sorghum accessions genomic resources.

Due to evolutionary divergence, sorghum race populations exhibit significant genetic and morphological variation. A -based sorghum race sequence comparison identified the conserved s of all 272 accessions from sorghum and the race-specific genetic signatures identified the gene variability in 10,321 genes (PAVs). To understand sorghum race structure, diversity and domestication, a deep learning-based variant calling approach was employed in a set of genotypic data derived from a diverse panel of 272 sorghum accessions.

Farmers' Knowledge and Perception on Kersting's Groundnut () Diseases and Pests in Benin.

Kersting's groundnut () is a neglected and underutilized legume crop in Benin and is subject to several constraints, including diseases and pests, which constitute a bottleneck to its production. A randomized semistructured interview and participant observation survey were conducted in September 2020 to identify the perception and knowledge of farmers regarding diseases and pests affecting Kersting's groundnut. Thus, 84 farmers were surveyed in three agroecological zones where Kersting's groundnut is produced in Benin.

Sorghum Pan-Genome Explores the Functional Utility for Genomic-Assisted Breeding to Accelerate the Genetic Gain.

Sorghum ( L.) is a staple food crops in the arid and rainfed production ecologies. Sorghum plays a critical role in resilient farming and is projected as a smart crop to overcome the food and nutritional insecurity in the developing world.

Participatory analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping system and production constraints in Burkina Faso.

Background: Groundnut is one of the major legume crops grown as food and cash crop across the different agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. It is ranked the 2nd important legume crop for household food, nutrition, and income generation for both rural and urban zones, contributing significantly to food supply and economy of the country. Despite its importance and breeding efforts to develop improved varieties, groundnut productivity remains low.

Genomics of sorghum local adaptation to a parasitic plant.

Host-parasite coevolution can maintain high levels of genetic diversity in traits involved in species interactions. In many systems, host traits exploited by parasites are constrained by use in other functions, leading to complex selective pressures across space and time. Here, we study genome-wide variation in the staple crop (L.

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Burkina Faso from 2006 to 2017: Results of National Surveys.

Setting: A survey of the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in new and previously treated patients (PTPs) was performed in Burkina Faso from 2016 to 2017.

Design: In this cross-sectional survey, a structured questionnaire was administered to eligible smear-positive patients in all 86 diagnostic and treatment centers of the country to collect their socio-demographic characteristics and medical histories. Their sputa were tested using the (MTB/RIF) Xpert assay.

QTL mapping and validation of fertility restoration in West African sorghum A cytoplasm and identification of a potential causative mutation for Rf.

Key message Major A cytoplasm fertility restoration loci, Rf and Rf , were found in the West African sorghum. A potential causative mutation for Rf was identified. KASP markers were validated on independent material.

[Comparison of Kinyoun, auramine O, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining for diagnosing tuberculosis at the National Tuberculosis Center in Burkina Faso].

Context: This study was conducted at the National Tuberculosis Center in Burkina Faso from October 2007 through May 2008.

Objective: Our objective was to compare the diagnostic performance of three staining methods: Kinyoun, auramine O, and Ziehl-Neelsen.

Methods: Ziehl-Neelsen staining served as the reference method to assess the diagnostic performance of Kinyoun and auramine O staining.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistance in previously treated patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Background: Tuberculosis drug-resistance becomes common in sub-Saharan Africa; however, very few data are available in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study is to assess the acquired resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains identified in TB patients to four first-line drugs in Ouagadougou.

Methods: One hundred and ten (110) pulmonary tuberculosis patients with acid-fast bacilli-positive sputum and in situation of failure, relapse, or treatment abandonment were included in the study.

[Strangulated umbilical hernia in children (Burkina Faso): differences with developed countries].

Umbilical hernias occur frequently in children but complications are rarely reported. This study assesses the incidence of complicated umbilical hernias in our patients, evaluates data for risk factors, and shows dissimilarities with those encountered in developed countries. This study reports all children operated for complications due to strangulated umbilical hernia over a period of 3 years.

Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in four centers in Burkina Faso, West Africa.

This is a case-control study conducted to examine the risk factors for multidrug resistance (MDR) among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in four centers in Burkina Faso, West Africa: Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Gorom-Gorom, and Dori. Fifty-six MDR-TB cases and 304 controls were enrolled of which 40 MDR-TB cases and 222 controls were from Ouagadougou. The majority of cases were male, with 39 among MDR-TB cases and 205 in controls.