Bolus Dose Epinephrine Improves Blood Pressure but is Associated with Increased Mortality in Critical Care Transport.

Hypotension in the prehospital environment is common and linked to dose-dependent mortality. Bolus dose epinephrine (BDE) may reverse hypotension. We tested if BDE use to treat profound hypotension is associated with 24-hour survival.

Modeling Neural Behavior and Pain During Bladder Distention using an Agent-based Model of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala.

Chronic bladder pain evokes asymmetric behavior in neurons across the left and right hemispheres of the amygdala. An agent-based computational model was created to simulate the firing of neurons over time and in response to painful bladder stimulation. Each agent represents one neuron and is characterized by its location in the amygdala and response type (excited or inhibited).

Divergent functions of the left and right central amygdala in visceral nociception.

The left and right central amygdalae (CeA) are limbic regions involved in somatic and visceral pain processing. These 2 nuclei are asymmetrically involved in somatic pain modulation; pain-like responses on both sides of the body are preferentially driven by the right CeA, and in a reciprocal fashion, nociceptive somatic stimuli on both sides of the body predominantly alter molecular and physiological activities in the right CeA. Unknown, however, is whether this lateralization also exists in visceral pain processing and furthermore what function the left CeA has in modulating nociceptive information.