Evaluating the Use of Environmental and Polygenic Risk Scores to Inform Colorectal Cancer Risk-Based Surveillance Intervals.

Introduction: United States Multi-Society Task Force colonoscopy surveillance intervals are based solely on adenoma characteristics, without accounting for other risk factors. We investigated whether a risk model including demographic, environmental, and genetic risk factors could individualize surveillance intervals under an "equal management of equal risks" framework.

Methods: Using 14,069 individuals from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had a diagnostic colonoscopy following an abnormal flexible sigmoidoscopy, we modeled the risk of colorectal cancer, considering the diagnostic colonoscopy finding, baseline risk factors (e.

Vitamin D binding protein genetic isoforms, serum vitamin D, and cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

Associations between vitamin D biochemical status and cancer may be modified by vitamin D binding protein isoforms which are encoded by GC (group-specific component). We examined interactions between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the Gc isoforms Gc1-1, Gc1-2, and Gc2-2, and cancer risk within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort based on 3,795 cases and 3,856 controls. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer risk according to 25(OH)D quantiles, stratified by Gc isoform.

The mouth of America: the oral microbiome profile of the US population.

Importance: The oral microbiome is increasingly recognized to play key roles in human health and disease; yet, population-representative characterizations are lacking.

Objective: Characterize the composition, diversity, and correlates of the oral microbiome among US adults.

Design: Cross-sectional population-representative survey.

The oral microbiome and all-cause mortality in the US population.

Importance: Poor oral health, including periodontal disease, is associated with oral microbiome changes and increased mortality risk. However, no large studies have evaluated whether the oral microbiome is directly associated with mortality.

Objective: To evaluate whether measures of the oral microbiome is prospectively associated with all-cause mortality.

Evaluating the Use of Environmental and Polygenic Risk Scores to Inform Colorectal Cancer Risk-Based Surveillance Intervals.

Introduction: United States Multi-Society Task Force colonoscopy surveillance intervals are based solely on adenoma characteristics, without accounting for other risk factors. We investigated whether a risk model including demographic, environmental, and genetic risk factors could individualize surveillance intervals under an "equal management of equal risks" framework.

Methods: Using 14,069 individuals from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had a diagnostic colonoscopy following an abnormal flexible sigmoidoscopy, we modeled the risk of colorectal cancer, considering the diagnostic colonoscopy finding, baseline risk factors (e.

Quit Attempts and Use of Cessation Aids Among U.S. Adults Who Smoke Nondaily.

Introduction: About 25% of people who currently smoke cigarettes in the U.S. smoke nondaily, and relatively little is known about their intentions or attempts to quit.

Patterns and predictors of opioid dispensing among older cancer patients from 2008 to 2015.

Background: Understanding factors associated with opioid dispensing in cancer patients is important for developing tailored guidelines and ensuring equitable access to pain management. We examined patterns and predictors of opioid dispensing among older cancer patients from 2008 to 2015.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database linked to Medicare claims.

Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors.

Background: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Most cases are sporadic, but well characterized germline alterations in , , , , , and predispose to medulloblastoma. However, knowledge about pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants that predispose to medulloblastoma vary based on genes evaluated, patient demographics, and pathogenicity definitions.

One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Golestan Cohort Study.

Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer has been linked to low B-vitamin status. We conducted matched nested case-control studies of incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC; 340 case-control pairs) and gastric cancer (GC; 352 case-control pairs) within the Golestan Cohort Study. The primary exposure was plasma biomarkers: riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) (vitamin B2), pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (B6), cobalamin (B12), para-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABG) (folate), and total homocysteine (tHcy); and indicators for deficiency: 3-hydroxykyurenine-ratio (HK-r for vitamin B6) and methylmalonic acid (MMA for B12).

Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Waterpipe Users.

Objectives: To determine the associations between waterpipe use, duration, and intensity of use with prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components (increased waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).

Methods: We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses using data from the Pars Cohort Study in southern Iran, encompassing 9,264 participants at the baseline, and 5,002 randomly selected in a repeated follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, wealth score, physical activity and cigarette pack-years to report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

The landscape of rare genetic variants in familial Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare hematological malignancy. Risk for WM is elevated 20-fold among first-degree relatives of patients with WM. However, the list of variants and genes that cause WM remains incomplete.

Multivitamin Use and Mortality Risk in 3 Prospective US Cohorts.

Importance: One in 3 US adults uses multivitamins (MV), with a primary motivation being disease prevention. In 2022, the US Preventive Services Task Force reviewed data on MV supplementation and mortality from randomized clinical trials and found insufficient evidence for determining benefits or harms owing, in part, to limited follow-up time and external validity.

Objective: To estimate the association of MV use with mortality risk, accounting for confounding by healthy lifestyle and reverse causation whereby individuals in poor health initiate MV use.

Age-Specific Cancer Mortality in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March to December 2020.

Background: It is important to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer death rates in 2020 in the US. We estimated whether there were larger-than-expected changes in cancer mortality rates from March to December 2020 after accounting for temporal and seasonal patterns using data from January 2011 to February 2020 by cancer type and age.

Methods: We obtained death counts and underlying causes of death by cancer type, month/year (2011-2020), and age group from the National Center for Health Statistics and population estimates from the US Census Bureau.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of kidney cancer identifies 63 susceptibility regions.

Here, in a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis of kidney cancer (29,020 cases and 835,670 controls), we identified 63 susceptibility regions (50 novel) containing 108 independent risk loci. In analyses stratified by subtype, 52 regions (78 loci) were associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 6 regions (7 loci) with papillary RCC. Notably, we report a variant common in African ancestry individuals ( rs7629500 ) in the 3' untranslated region of VHL, nearly tripling clear cell RCC risk (odds ratio 2.