Sub-Lineage Specific Phenolic Glycolipid Patterns in the Complex Lineage 1.

"Ancestral" complex (MTBC) strains of Lineage 1 (L1, East African Indian) are a prominent tuberculosis (TB) cause in countries around the Indian Ocean. However, the pathobiology of L1 strains is insufficiently characterized. Here, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 312 L1 strains from 43 countries to perform a characterization of the global L1 population structure and correlate this to the analysis of the synthesis of phenolic glycolipids (PGL) - known MTBC polyketide-derived virulence factors.

Farm-level emission intensities of smallholder cattle (Bos indicus; B. indicus-B. taurus crosses) production systems in highlands and semi-arid regions.

Ruminants are central to the economic and nutritional life of much of sub-Saharan Africa, but cattle are now blamed for having a disproportionately large negative environmental impact through emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG). However, the mechanism underlying excessive emissions occurring only on some farms is imperfectly understood. Reliable estimates of emissions themselves are frequently lacking due to a paucity of reliable data.

Data describing cattle performance and feed characteristics to calculate enteric methane emissions in smallholder livestock systems in Bomet County, Kenya.

This dataset describes the performance of cattle in smallholder livestock systems of Bomet county in western Kenya. Information on live weight, milk production and quality, herd dynamics, and other production parameters were collected from field visits. Animals were weighed on scales; milk yield was recorded using a Mazzican® milk collection and transport vessel provided to each farm and milk was analyzed for butterfat content (%).

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic basis of resistance among non-fastidious Gram-negative bacteria recovered from ready-to-eat foods in Kibera informal housing in Nairobi, Kenya.

Objective: This cross-sectional study conducted in Kibera, Kenya, sought to gain insights on relative microbial contamination levels of popular unprocessed food types, determine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden and the carriage of integrons that are essential elements for spreading antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG). Foods analysed consisted of cooked vegetables (kale, cabbage, and nightshades), boiled cereal foods (beans, rice, and Githeri, which is a mixture of beans and maize), meat, Omena fish (fried silver cyprinids), and Ugali (a product of simmered maize flour in boiled water).

Results: The analysis detected contamination levels exceeding 2×10 c.

Removal of phenolics from aqueous media using quaternised maize tassels.

This paper reports on the preparation and modification of powdered maize tassels with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC). The modified tassel were applied for the removal of phenolic compounds from water, through adsorption. The effect of contact time, sorbent dose, pH of the sample and the adsorption capacity were investigated at fixed temperature (25 °C).

Resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi.

Introduction: In Kenya, which ranks thirteenth of 27 high tuberculosis burden countries, diagnosis is based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining alone and patients are treated without information on sensitivity patterns. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary samples.

Methodology: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Nairobi were randomly sampled after informed consent and recruited into the study using a structured questionnaire.