Efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral therapy regimens for treatment-naive African adults living with HIV-2 (FIT-2): a pilot, phase 2, non-comparative, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Due to the low number of individuals with HIV-2, no randomised trials of HIV-2 treatment have ever been done. We hypothesised that a non-comparative study describing the outcomes of several antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in parallel groups would improve understanding of how differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2 might lead to different therapeutic approaches.

Methods: This pilot, phase 2, non-comparative, open-label, randomised controlled trial was done in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Togo.

Renal Risk Variants and Kidney Function in HIV-1-Infected People From Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: G1 and G2 alleles have been associated with kidney-related outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) of Black African origin. No APOL1-related kidney risk data have yet been reported in PLHIV in West Africa, where high allele frequencies have been observed.

Methods: We collected clinical data from PLHIV followed in Burkina Faso ( = 413) and in the ANRS-12169/2LADY trial (Cameroon, Senegal, Burkina Faso,  = 369).

The impact of food insecurity on HIV outcomes in Senegal, West Africa: a prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Understanding the impact of food insecurity on HIV outcomes is critical for the development and implementation of effective, evidence-based interventions to address food insecurity and improve the HIV care cascade. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study to determine the impact of food insecurity on HIV outcomes in Senegal, West Africa.

Methods: HIV-infected individuals presenting for care and initiation of ART through the Senegalese National AIDS program in Dakar and Ziguinchor were eligible for enrollment.

[Smoking in People Living with HIV (PLHA) and followed up in the Outpatient Department of the Hospital Fann of Dakar].

Introduction: PLHA who smoke have twice the never-smoker mortality rate and have an increased risk of developing non-AIDS diseases. The prevalence of tobacco smoking is higher among PLHA than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking among PLHA, to describe the clinical and spirometric features of smokers and ex-smokers and to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward smoking.

Assessment of potentially preventable hospitalizations in the regional hospital of Saint-Louis, Senegal.

Introduction: The "potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH)'' are hospital admissions that could have been avoided through effective primary care given at the appropriate time. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), causes of PPH, are the leading cause of death worldwide with significant socioeconomic consequences especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the burden of potentially preventable hospitalizations in the St.

[Factors associated with immunovirologic dissociation in HIV-1-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Ambulatory Treatment Center (ATC) in Dakar].

Introduction: The objective of this work is to evaluate the different factors associated with immunovirologic dissociation despite highly active and effective antiretroviral treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cohort, descriptive and analytical study of the medical records of HIV-1 infected patients having received at least 12 months of antiretroviral therapy, followed in the ATC cohort from 2001 to 2011 and with undetectable viral load in the last 6 months.

Results: During this 10-year study period, the prevalence of IVD was 19.

The dimensions of food insecurity and malnutrition among people living with HIV in Senegal, West Africa.

An understanding of the factors contributing to food insecurity and malnutrition among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Senegal is urgently needed in order to develop effective interventions. The goals of this study were to identify differences in the dimensions of food security among PLHIV in Dakar versus Ziguinchor, Senegal, to determine which of these dimensions are most predictive of severe food insecurity, and to identify factors associated with malnutrition. We conducted a cross-sectional study at outpatient clinics in Dakar and Ziguinchor, Senegal.

Boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy versus boosted protease inhibitor plus lamivudine dual therapy as second-line maintenance treatment for HIV-1-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa (ANRS12 286/MOBIDIP): a multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label, superiority trial.

Background: Despite satisfactory efficacy of WHO-recommended second-line antiretroviral treatment for patients with HIV in low-income countries, the need for simplified, low-cost, and less-toxic maintenance strategies remains high. We compared boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy with dual therapy with boosted protease inhibitor plus lamivudine in patients on second-line antiretrovial therapy (ART).

Methods: We did a multicentre, randomised, parallel, open-label, superiority, trial in the HIV services of five hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa (Yaoundé, Cameroon; Dakar, Senegal; and Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso).

High Prevalence of Severe Food Insecurity and Malnutrition among HIV-Infected Adults in Senegal, West Africa.

Background: Malnutrition and food insecurity are associated with increased mortality and poor clinical outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS; however, the prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity among people living with HIV/AIDS in Senegal, West Africa is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of food insecurity and malnutrition among HIV-infected adults in Senegal, and to identify associations between food insecurity, malnutrition, and HIV outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at outpatient clinics in Dakar and Ziguinchor, Senegal.

Efficacy and safety of three second-line antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected patients in Africa.

Objective: WHO recommends ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-infected patients failing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based first-line treatment. Here, we aimed to provide more evidence for the choice of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and boosted protease inhibitor.

Design: ANRS 12169 is a 48-week, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial in three African cities, comparing efficacy and safety of three second-line regimens.

Tenofovir plasma concentrations related to estimated glomerular filtration rate changes in first-line regimens in African HIV-infected patients: ANRS 12115 DAYANA substudy.

Objectives: An open-label randomized trial (DAYANA) was conducted in sub-Saharan settings to evaluate four different regimens containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as first-line treatment for HIV infection. The objectives of the present substudy were to assess the relationship between trough concentrations of tenofovir in plasma collected after 24 h (C24) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) calculated by the different formulae that are available.

Methods: The criteria for eligibility were those of the DAYANA trial, recruiting naive patients.

Evaluation of four tenofovir-containing regimens as first-line treatments in Cameroon and Senegal: the ANRS 12115 DAYANA Trial.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine appropriate tenofovir-based regimens meriting evaluation in large-scale randomized trials among sub-Saharan African patients.

Methods: This was a randomized open-label 96-week prospective pilot study evaluating four first-line regimens: tenofovir/emtricitabine/nevirapine (group 1), tenofovir/lopinavir/ritonavir (group 2), tenofovir/emtricitabine/zidovudine (group 3) and tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz (group 4) in antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1-infected patients in Senegal and Cameroon. The primary end point was defined as an HIV-1 RNA viral load <50 copies/ml (study detection limit) at week 16 in ≥50% of patients using intention-to-treat analysis.

Two doses of candidate TB vaccine MVA85A in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve subjects gives comparable immunogenicity to one dose in ART+ subjects.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem exacerbated by the HIV epidemic. Here we evaluate a candidate TB vaccine, MVA85A, in a Phase I study in HIV-infected adults in Senegal. 24 patients were enrolled: Group 1∶12, antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve, adults, with CD4 counts >300 and HIV RNA load <100,000 copies/ml.

Performance of the ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system v2.0 on HIV-1 strains circulating in Senegal.

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System v2.0 on HIV-1 non-B strains identified in Senegalese patients. The study involved 150 patients, and genotyping was performed using the ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System v2.

HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among Senegalese patients in the public health system.

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations and genetic variability among Senegalese patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public health system. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 72 patients with suspected therapeutic failure. HIV-1 genotyping was performed with Viroseq HIV-1 Genotyping System v2.

Reduced quantitative ultrasound bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Senegal.

Background: Bone status in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is poorly documented in resource-limited settings. We compared bone mineral density between HIV-infected patients and control subjects from Dakar, Senegal.

Methods: A total of 207 (134 women and 73 men) HIV-infected patients from an observational cohort in Dakar (ANRS 1215) and 207 age- and sex-matched controls from the general population were enrolled.

Diabetes and Hypertension among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment Since 1998 in Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Cardiovascular risk factors in people on antiretroviral treatment (ART) are poorly documented in resource-constrained settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 to assess prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in a sample of 242 HIV-infected patients who had initiated ART between 1998 and 2002 in Dakar, Senegal (ANRS 1215 observational cohort). World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were applied to diagnose diabetes and hypertension.

Long-term effectiveness and safety of didanosine combined with lamivudine and efavirenz or nevirapine in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 9-year cohort study in Senegal.

Objective: The use of didanosine (ddI) in first-line antiretroviral therapy has been recently promoted for resource-limited settings. We therefore compared the long-term effectiveness and safety of the regimen combining ddI, lamivudine, and efavirenz or nevirapine with that of the WHO-recommended regimen of zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine, and efavirenz or nevirapine in antiretroviral-naïve patients in Senegal.

Methods: Observational cohort study of patients enrolled between January 2000 and April 2002 in the Senegalese antiretroviral drug access initiative.

Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients from Senegal.

To evaluate the presence of drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients in Dakar (Senegal), cross-sectional studies were conducted since the circulation of ARVs in the country. Protease and RT genes were sequenced in 96 baseline samples from patients included in the Senegalese Initiative for Antitretroviral Access treatment between 1998 and 2001 and for 104 samples from naive, recently diagnosed patients in 2003, 2005, and 2007. Phylogenetic analysis showed a predominance of CRF02_AG [128/200 (64%)] and a high genetic diversity with 10 other variants and 25 URFs.

Short and Long-Term Incidence of Tuberculosis and CD4-Cell Count Dynamic on HAART in Senegal.

Objectives: Estimate tuberculosis (TB) incidence among patients receiving HAART. Compare the dynamic of the CD4-cell count and viral load before notification of the TB with the dynamic among patients remaining free of TB.

Design: Prospective cohort with ascertainment of TB cases from medical records.

Lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders in HIV-1-infected adults on 4- to 9-year antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a case-control study.

Objective: To assess adverse effects of long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), that is, lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders, in a cohort of African patients.

Methods: One hundred eighty HIV-1-infected patients treated with HAART for 4-9 years in Dakar and 180 age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Regional subcutaneous fat changes were assessed by physicians, and fasting blood samples were drawn.

Change over time of mortality predictors after HAART initiation in a Senegalese cohort.

Background: In 1998, Senegal was among the first sub-Saharan African countries to launch a Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) access program. Initial studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of this initiative. Analyses showed a peak of mortality short after starting HAART warranting an investigation of early and late mortality predictors.

Mortality and causes of death in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a 7-year cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate survival and investigate causes of death among HIV-1 infected adults receiving HAART in Senegal.

Design: An observational prospective cohort.

Methods: Mortality was assessed in the first patients enrolled between August 1998 and April 2002 in the Senegalese antiretroviral drug access initiative.

Long-term benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegalese HIV-1-infected adults.

Objectives: To assess the long-term survival, as well as the immunologic and virologic effectiveness, adherence, and drug resistance, in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in one of the oldest and best-documented African cohorts.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study included the first 176 HIV-1-infected adults followed in the Senegalese government-sponsored antiretroviral therapy initiative launched in August 1998. Patients were followed for a median of 30 months (interquartile range, 21-36 months).

Low rate of genotypic HIV-1 drug-resistant strains in the Senegalese government initiative of access to antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To monitor the prevalence of antiretroviral (ARV)-resistant HIV-1 viruses, and the genotypic mutations in patients enrolled in the Senegalese initiative for access to antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Methods: A total of 80 patients with a virological follow-up of at least 6 months were selected, 68 were ART-naive and 12 ART-experienced. Genotypic resistance to ARV was studied at baseline for a random subset of patients and at each rebound in plasma viral load during ART, by sequencing the protease and reverse transcriptase genes.