Enterogenous Cyst Presenting as Mediastinal Mass in a Newborn.

Duplication cyst is a rare congenital malformation. Enterogenous cyst are foregut duplication cyst with or without a vertebral defect. We report a case of a 36hr old neonate with mediastinal enterogenous cyst associated with vertebral defects.

Blood Procalcitonin Levels and Duration of Antibiotics in Neonatal Sepsis.

Objective: To determine the time to normalization of procalcitonin (PCT) levels and duration of antibiotics in neonatal sepsis.

Methods: A prospective observational study design was used. The participants included were neonates with sepsis.

Comparison of Four Days Versus Seven Days Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Neonatal Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of 4 day course (study group) with 7 day course (control group) of antibiotic treatment in neonatal pneumonia, on treatment success rate.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital. Seventy, term and near-term neonates with pneumonia who had clinical remission by 48 h of antibiotic therapy were included.

Zinc as an adjunct treatment for reducing case fatality due to clinical severe infection in young infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: An estimated 2.7 of the 5.9 million deaths in children under 5 years of age occur in the neonatal period.

Assessment of Adequacy of Supplementation of Vitamin D in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare the effect of 400 IU and 1000 IU vitamin D for 6 weeks in very low birth weight preterm neonates.

Design: Randomized, double-blinded controlled trial in a teaching hospital.

Participants: Fifty very low birth weight preterm neonates.

Zinc Supplementation in Preterm Neonates and Neurological Development, A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on neuro-development and growth of preterm neonates.

Setting: Referral neonatal unit of a teaching hospital.

Design: Open-labeled Randomized controlled trial.

Pulse Oximetry Screening to Detect Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease in Sick Neonates in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: To evaluate pulse oximetry for detection of congenital cyanotic heart disease in sick neonates using echocardiography as gold standard.

Methods: Pulse oximetry readings were taken at admission from 950 neonates from right upper limb and either foot with infant breathing room air. Pulse oximetry was considered abnormal if oxygen saturation at room air measured <90% or difference between right hand and foot was more than 3%.

Evaluation of duration of antibiotic therapy in neonatal bacterial meningitis: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare the effect of 10 days versus 14 days of antibiotic therapy in neonatal meningitis on treatment failure rate.

Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted at a referral neonatal unit. The participants were 70 neonates with meningitis randomized to receive 10 days (study group) or 14 days (control group) of antibiotics.

Neonatal zygomycosis with gastric perforation.

Zygomycosis is a rare infection in neonates. The clinical presentation is non-specific and diagnosis most often is made at autopsy. Surgical debridement performed early improves survival.

Breastfeeding.

The benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and nursing mother are well established. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 mo and continued breastfeeding up to 2 y. Exclusive breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to reduce infant mortality and is estimated to prevent 13 % of under 5 child mortality in low income countries.

Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare birth defect, with a poor prognosis. We describe a case of bilateral CDH discovered while repairing the right sided CDH. Diaphragmatic defect was repaired and a silo was applied on the abdominal wound to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome.

Role of dexamethasone in neonatal meningitis: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of dexamethasone therapy in neonatal meningitis in a randomized placebo controlled trial.

Methods: The participants were eighty neonates with meningitis randomized to receive dexamethasone or saline placebo. Dexamethasone was started prior to the first dose of antibiotics in the dose of 0.

Congenital acute megakaryocytic leukemia.

Congenital leukemia (CL) is an extremely rare disorder in the newborn, significant proportion of which is of myeloid origin, primarily of M4 or M5 morphology. As compared to pediatric leukemia, CL is a more aggressive disease. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M7) or acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare type of AML with an incidence of 0.

Cogenital intrapericardial herniation of liver.

Intrapericardial herniation of liver is a rare form of diaphragmatic hernia. We report a 30-hour old baby with right congenital anterior diaphragmatic hernia masquerading as congenital pneumonia with cardiomegaly. It is prudent to consider congenial anterior diaphragmatic hernia in any newborn with unexplained respiratory distress, cardiomegaly and pericardial effusion.

Vitamin E supplementation in exclusively breastfed VLBW infants.

We conducted this study to evaluate the adequacy of breastmilk as a source of vitamin E in exclusively breastfed VLBW infants. Such infants (n=44) were randomly allotted to receive vitamin E supplementation (n = 23); the rest (n = 21) did not receive vitamin E. After 21 days, the vitamin E level in the supplemented group was 0.

Positron emission tomography in congenital hyperinsulinism.

We report a case of congenital hyperinsulinism with diffuse pancreatic abnormality diagnosed preoperatively by using [18-F]-L-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET). The infant was referred to us for recurrent hypoglycemia. Critical blood sample revealed increased insulin: glucose ratio.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in home delivered neonates: a prospective observational study.

Objective: To determine the severity of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) at admission, bacteriological profile, antibiotic sensitivity of pathogens and factors associated with fatality in home delivered neonates with sepsis.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the referral neonatal unit of a teaching hospital admitting extramural neonates. The subjects comprised of 80 home delivered neonates presenting with systemic inflammatory response syndrome at admission.

Chlamydia trachomatis causing neonatal conjunctivitis in a tertiary care center.

Chlamydia trachomatis is considered a major aetiological agent of conjunctivitis in newborns. The objective of the present study was to determine the aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis and clinico-epidemiological correlates of chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Fifty-eight newborns with signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis were studied.

Perceived breast milk insufficiency in mothers of neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: A) To study the frequency of perceived breast milk insufficiency in mothers of hospitalized neonates. b) To assess subsequent duration of exclusive breast feeding and growth (upto three months) in neonates whose mothers perceived breast milk insufficiency.

Methods: Neonates whose mothers were willing to breastfeed their babies were included in the study.

Prevalence of celiac disease in north Indian children.

Celiac disease (CD) is being increasingly reported from the wheat-eating population of north India. However, the exact prevalence of CD in children is not known as population screening studies are scarce. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of CD in 400 children, 6 months to 12 years of age attending pediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in north India.

Role of TOPS (a simplified assessment of neonatal acute physiology) in predicting mortality in transported neonates.

Aim: To evaluate role of TOPS (a simplified assessment of neonatal acute physiology) in predicting mortality in transported neonates and to compare it with SNAP II.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Referral Neonatal Unit of a teaching hospital.

Newborn care practices in an urban slum of Delhi.

Background: Despite efforts by government and other agencies, neonatal morbidity and mortality continues to be high in India. Among other reasons, newborn care practices are major contributors for such high rates.

Aims: To find out the newborn care practices including delivery practices, immediate care given after birth and breast-feeding practices in an urban slum of Delhi.

Acute renal failure in neonatal sepsis.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of acute renal failure (ARF) and the factors associated with it in cases of neonatal sepsis.

Methods: The case control study was conducted in the referral neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital. 200 out born neonates with sepsis admitted to the nursery from January to July 2003 were evaluated for presence of ARF (cases) or not (controls).

Estimation of rewarming time in transported extramural hypothermic neonates.

Objectives: To evaluate the time taken for rewarming hypothermic neonates and to correlate the time taken for rewarming with severity of hypothermia (WHO classification), weight, gestational age and associated morbidity.

Methods: 100 extramural neonates transported to the Referral neonatal unit of a teaching hospital, with weight more than 1000 grams and abdominal skin temperature less than 36.5 oC at admission were included in the study.