Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome as a first manifestation of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in a middle-aged man.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS) is a severe form of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) that sometimes represents the first manifestation of the later syndrome. The clinical manifestations of CAPS are relatively non-specific. Hence, the diagnosis may be delayed, resulting in high mortality.

Frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults presenting with nephrotic syndrome.

Background: There is no information on the frequency and clinicopathological presentation of the variants of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in adults presenting with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in Pakistan.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of different histologic variants of primary FSGS with INS at our center and to compare our findings with those published in literature.

Patients And Methods: All consecutive adults (≥18 years) with INS, and diagnosis of FSGS on renal biopsies, were included.

Raised serum creatinine at presentation does not adversely affect steroid response in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults.

Background: There is no information in international literature on the mode of presentation, laboratory and clinical features, treatment and prognosis of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in adults in Pakistan.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 124 adults (≥17 years) with a diagnosis of primary FSGS who presented to the adult nephrology clinic at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation between January 1995 and June 2006. The clinical records and biopsy reports were reviewed to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and pathologic features, treatment responses and outcome of the disease.