Responsiveness of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale to botulinum neurotoxin injection into spastic wrist flexors after acquired brain injury.

The Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) is a relatively new scale used to rate the severity of spasticity. Although the reliability of the ASAS has been investigated, its ability to detect a clinically important change (responsiveness) has not. The objective of this study was to investigate the responsiveness of the ASAS in adult patients with acquired brain injury-related wrist flexor spasticity treated with botulinum neurotoxin A.

High frequency neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke shoulder pain: A double-blinded, randomized controlled study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of 5Hz neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the affected primary motor cortex (M1) on pain, the effect of pain on activities of daily living, disability, mood, neurophysiological parameters and passive shoulder joint range of motion in patients with post-stroke shoulder pain.

Design: Twenty two patients were randomized into an experimental group (rTMS, n=7) who received daily rTMS 5Hz 1000 pulses, five times/week for three weeks (15 sessions) to the affected M1 and a control group (n=11) who received sham stimulation. Outcome measures were Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (Quick DASH), Hospital Depression Anxiety Scale (HADS), joint range of motion (ROM) measurements, neurophysiological parameters.

Evaluation of YouTube videos as sources of information about complex regional pain syndrome.

Background: As the internet usage becomes easily accessible, the patients are more frequently searching about diseases and medical/non-medical treatments. Considering that (CRPS) is a debilitating disease, it is important to check the information that patients are accessing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability, sufficiency, and accuracy of the YouTube videos about CRPS.