Mapping Hand Function with Simultaneous Brain-Spinal Cord Functional MRI.

Introduction: Hand motor control depends on intricate brain-spinal cord interactions that regulate muscle activity. Hand function can be disrupted by injury to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves leading to weakness and impaired coordination. Functional MRI (fMRI) can map motor-related neural activity and potentially characterize the mechanisms underlying hand weakness and diminished coordination.

Unlocking the genetic potential of Ethiopian fenugreek ( L.) genotypes for future breeding.

Fenugreek L.) is an annual spice crop and cultivated throughout the world for it's multipurpose. Even though it has long history of cultivation and importance of fenugreek, the knowledge on its variability is limited.

Access to and Level of Climate Information Use: Implications for Adoption of Adaptation and CSA Practices.

Climate information is important for agricultural decision-makings. On the supply-side, provision of climate information is crucial as it enhances information availability. However, decisions from the demand-side are equally important.

Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among healthcare workers in selected health facilities of the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study conducted in 2021.

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic poses substantial health challenges. Vaccination is key in preventing COVID-19, particularly among healthcare workers (HCWs), essential in curbing the pandemic. Despite global data on HCWs' vaccine uptake, information about vaccination among HCWs in the Somali Region, Ethiopia, is scarce.

Perceived paternal emotional fertility intention and its correlates in Ethiopia among a cohort of pregnant women: Community based longitudinal survey; A secondary data analysis of the 2019/20 baseline survey.

Background: Perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions were measured by asking pregnant women how their husbands felt when they have learnt about the index pregnancy. Paternal emotion during pregnancy and childbirth is imperative for better maternal and newborn health outcomes, though policy and strategic framework has been lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore perceived paternal emotional fertility intentions of their husbands and/or their male partners and examine its correlates among a panel of pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Spatial analysis of measles cases and vaccination coverage in the Somali region, eastern Ethiopia.

Background: Measles is a major public health concern that causes morbidity and mortality among children. In 2019, measles incidence reached its highest level in 23 years, with low measles containing vaccine dose one coverage playing a vital role. It can be prevented by two doses of the measles vaccine, either alone or in combination with measles-rubella (MR), which is a low-cost strategy for lowering morbidity and mortality among children.

Efficacy and safety of switch to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine: Results from an open-label extension of a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, multicenter, active-controlled, non-inferiority study.

Background: The phase 3 randomized, active-controlled GS-US-380-1844 (NCT02603120) study evaluated switching to the single-tablet regimen bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) from dolutegravir (DTG), abacavir (ABC), and lamivudine (3TC) among people with HIV-1. Previously, results from the 48-week double-blind phase showed that switching to B/F/TAF was noninferior to remaining on DTG/ABC/3TC and that B/F/TAF was well tolerated. Here, we show the long-term safety and efficacy of switching to B/F/TAF from DTG/ABC/3TC among people with HIV-1.

Declining eradication rates of with standard triple therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Standard triple therapy is an effective treatment for eradicating infection, but it is encountered with drug resistance. The stool antigen test is a cost-effective and easy-to-perform test to confirm the eradication of , 4-8 weeks post-therapy, with 86% sensitivity and 92% specificity.

Aim: To assess the eradication rate of standard triple therapy and factors affecting the eradication rate.

Incidence of Neonatal Mortality and the Factors Influencing Neonate Mortality in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Northern Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Neonatal mortality remains high globally, with an estimated 2.4 million neonatal deaths in 2020. In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality is particularly concerning.

Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis among diabetic patients attending public health facilities in Ethiopia: a multicenter study.

Background: Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) have high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence. Currently, the incidence of DM is increasing in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia where TB is also endemic, which may complicate TB prevention and control efforts. In this context, the prevalence and associated factors of TB among DM patients are not well understood in Ethiopia.

Community perceptions and determinants of obstetric fistula across gender lines.

Obstetric fistula is a major maternal health challenge in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Misperceptions about obstetric fistula delay seeking and accessing healthcare. Understanding community attitudes is crucial for prevention, early detection, and support for affected women.

Neural tube defects in a war-torn Tigray regional state of Ethiopia: a retrospective study of 54,626 deliveries.

Background: The Tigray region of Ethiopia has a significantly high prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs), ranging from 1.31 to 2.15% of total births.

Soil fertility management on sesame ( L.) production in Northern Ethiopia: A review.

Sesame ( L.) is an important cash crop and plays a vital role in many people's livelihoods in Ethiopia. However, its production is low due to many constraints, and low soil fertility is among the major.

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Objectives: To assess tuberculosis (TB) and associated factors among patients with presumptive TB with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023 among 381 patients with CKD attending six hospitals found in five regions of Ethiopia. Sputum and urine specimens were collected and examined for TB using smear microscopy, culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay.

Loneliness is associated with different structural brain changes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major depression.

Background: Loneliness, distress from having fewer social contacts than desired, has been recognized as a significant public health crisis. Although a substantial body of research has established connections between loneliness and various forms of psychopathology, our understanding of the neural underpinnings of loneliness in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) remains limited.

Methods: In this study, structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data were collected from 57 SSD and 45 MDD patients as well as 41 healthy controls (HC).

Trends of adverse pregnancy outcomes and its determinants in Arba Minch Zuria and Gacho Baba Woredas from 2018 to 2022: Analysis of health and demographic surveillance data.

Introduction: Many family members and the expectant mother view pregnancy as a time of joyful anticipation. However, it can also bring about a range of issues that may pose serious and potentially life-threatening risks for both the mother and the unborn child. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are an alarming public issue in different parts of the world and have a seriously harmful influence on both their health and well-being.

Population attributable fractions for modifiable risk factors of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in 48 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Identifying the modifiable risk factors for childhood mortality using population-attributable fractions (PAFs) estimates can inform public health planning and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated PAFs for key population-level modifiable risk factors of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in LMICs.

Methods: We used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data sets (2010-22) from 48 LMICs, encompassing 35 sub-Saharan African countries and 13 countries from South and Southeast Asia (n = 506 989).

Machine-learning methodologies to predict disease progression in chronic hepatitis B in Africa.

Background: Little is known about the determinants of disease progression among African patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods: We used machine-learning models with longitudinal data to establish predictive algorithms in a well-characterized cohort of Ethiopian HBV-infected patients without baseline liver fibrosis. Disease progression was defined as an increase in liver stiffness to >7.

Deciphering community-level knowledge of obstetric fistula and determinants: perspectives elucidated by ordinal logistic regression.

Background: Obstetric fistula is a significant cause of maternal morbidity in resource-limited settings, where women often suffer due to a lack of prompt access to skilled obstetric services. It is imperative to comprehend and identify the factors that shape community knowledge about obstetric fistula to enhance prevention strategies, enable early detection, and provide support and treatment to affected women. However, there is a substantial gap in the available evidence concerning the level of community knowledge regarding obstetric fistula and its influencing factors within the Ethiopian context.

Metabolomic and biochemical insights into bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of black oilseed testa and peeled seeds.

Black oilseed crops are rich in diverse phenolic compounds and have excellent antioxidant activities, as reported in traditional Chinese medicine. Testa (seed coat) and peeled seeds (cotyledon, embryo, and other structures) are the seed's crucial components, contributing to the variation in phytonutrient, phenol content, bioactive component, and protective and pharmacological effects. However, comprehensive and comparative information on total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant, and metabolic profiles in black seed testa and peeled sesame, soybean, peanut, and rapeseed seeds is rare.

Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiling of LAC gene family in sesame.

Background: Laccases (LACs) are vital plant growth and development enzymes, participating in lignin biopolymerization and responding to stress. However, the role of LAC genes in plant development as well as stress tolerance, is still not well understood, particularly in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an important oilseed crop.

Assessment of acceptance and associated factors of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among commercial female sex workers in drop-in centers selected sub-cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, female sex workers (FSWs) face high risk of HIV, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia and Addis Ababa, the impact is significant. Implementing WHO-recommended measures, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is crucial to reducing new HIV infections and addressing service access disparities among FSWs.

Modelling and stability analysis of the dynamics of measles with application to Ethiopian data.

Measles, a highly contagious airborne disease, remains endemic in many developing countries with low vaccination coverage. In this paper, we present a deterministic mathematical compartmental model to analyze the dynamics of measles. We establish global stability conditions for both disease-free and endemic equilibria using the Lyapunov functional stability method.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Northern Ethiopia.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide and is associated with high mortality and heavy economic burdens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adigrat General Hospital in Northern Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024 among 385 pregnant women.