An immunological and transcriptomics approach on differential modulation of NK cells in multiple sclerosis patients under interferon-β1 and fingolimod therapy.

This study aims to compare NK cells obtained from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving interferon-β1 and fingolimod therapies. Fingolimod reduced the CD56 NK cell subset. The remaining CD56 NK cells displayed NKG2D, NKp46, CD107a, and IFN-γ levels similar to those from the patients under interferon-β1 therapy.

Retinal degeneration is associated with brain volume reduction and prognosis in radiologically isolated syndrome.

Background: The extent of neurodegeneration in the earliest stages of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination is not known. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful tool to study neurodegeneration in demyelinating disorders.

Objectives: To study neuroaxonal loss in the retina of individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) and investigate whether OCT measurements are associated with brain volumetrics and clinical conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS).

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with lymphoma and presumptive hyper IgE syndrome.

We, herein, report a 23-year-old male with a rare inherited immunodeficiency disease, hyperimmunoglobulin IgE syndrome (HIES), who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and lymphoma simultaneously. Primary immunodeficiency of the patient has remained undiagnosed until adulthood. PML is a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by John Cunningham virus.

Two cases of primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis mimicking subacute meningitis.

Primary involvement of leptomeninges with melanocytic tumours is rarely seen and its diagnosis is challenging. Here we summarise two cases of primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis presenting as subacute meningitis. Both cases have pleocytosis and high protein on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and demonstrated atypical cells on cytology.

Isolated central nervous system Whipple's disease: Two cases.

Although it is an orphan disease, isolated central nervous system Whipple's disease is one of the "must be known" conditions in neurology because it belongs to the list of "treatable disorders". Here, we present two cases which highlight the importance of early diagnosis. Additionally, we provide a discussion on up to date diagnostic approach to this life-threatening disorder.

Diabetic uremic syndrome studied with cerebral MR spectroscopy and CT perfusion.

Diabetic uremic syndrome (DUS) is an increasingly reported acute neurometabolic cerebral disease with characteristic clinical and imaging features. Clinical spectrum includes a wide range of movement disorders such as acute parkinsonism. Imaging studies show reversible (with hemodialysis) bilateral lesions in the lenticular nuclei.