Conjugate of pyrimidine derivative, the drug xymedon with succinic acid protects liver cells.

The aim of the study was to investigate the hepatoprotective properties of the conjugate of the xymedon drug substance with succinic acid (1a). The study presents an in vitro comparative evaluation of the cytotoxicity and cytoprotective properties of 1a and succinic acid on a cell line of normal human hepatocytes Chang Liver, and in vivo investigation of the ability of 1a to restore liver from the toxic damage caused by CCl in Wistar rats. It was shown that the cytotoxicity of 1a was 19.

[The impact of habitation environment on population alcohol consumption in Russia].

The article presents the results of analysis of complex of potential environmental factors for alcohol consumption by population of the Russian Federation. It was revealed that the level of alcoholization of residents of certain territories of the Russian Federation is positively associated with systemic severity of indices of social and criminal tension in society. The potential physical and geographical risk factors of alcohol abuse of population are severity of Northern latitude of residence and low level of average annual air temperature and longitude of day in winter season.

Rabies surveillance in the Russian Federation.

Rabies is endemic to the Russian Federation. The disease incidence ranges between 2,000 and 4,000 cases annually. Between two and six cases in humans are also reported each year.

Synthesis of new cyclic thioureas and evaluation of their metal-chelating activity, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibition profiles.

In the presence of trifluoracetic acid (TFAA), an efficient method for the synthesis of tetra(hexa)hydropyrimidinethione-carboxylates has been used on the basis of three-component condensation of thiourea with its different aldehydes and β-diketones. Some novel cyclic thioureas were synthesized, and their hCA I, hCA II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors and metal-chelating properties were evaluated. K values of novel synthesized compounds for AChE and BChE are in the range of 51.

Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of L-Ascorbate 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4,6-Dimethyl-1,2-Dihydropyrimidine-2-One Upon Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride.

Hepatoprotective properties of a new pyrimidine derivative - L-ascorbate 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-2-one, synthesized on the basis Xymedon, were assessed in white rats exposed to CCl4. The compound under study administered prior to exposure to CCl reduced the deviation of biochemical parameters from reference values and severity of structural and morphological changes in liver, when compared to the control. Hepatoprotective properties of the studied compound were more pronounced than those of Xymedon.

Pirimidine derivatives as hepatoprotective agents.

Background: Research and development of effective hepatoprotective medicines is one of the priority areas of research in Russia. Literature data shows that active research and development of hepatoprotectors is carried out both in Russian and other countries [1-6]. Pirimidines are used as hepatoprotective medicines stimulating protein synthesis and reparation of hepatocytes in toxical and infectious liver disorders [7].

[Cycle and maintenance treatments in patients with reflux esophagitis after gastrectomy or gastric resection].

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of Livodexa monotherapy in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE) after gastric resection or gastrectomy.

Subjects And Methods: The investigators examined 30 patients (16 men, 14 women) after gastrectomy (n = 15) or gastric resection (n = 15) who had anacidity as shown by pH-metry and the clinical and/or endoscopic signs of RE. During 4 months, Groups 1 and 2 patients received the drug in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg/day, respectively.

Study of hepatoprotective effects of xymedon.

Xymedon (1-(β-oxyethyl)-4,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxopyrimidine), a regeneratory and wound-healing drug, exhibited hepatoprotective activity in laboratory animals with experimental toxic hepatitis. Oral drug reduced the severity of toxic involvement of the liver induced by CCl4 and reduced animal mortality. Xymedon promoted recovery of the blood biochemical parameters characterizing the liver status.

[Effect of light-isotope water on growth of bacterial culture].

The stimulating effect of light-isotope water on microbial growth was demonstrated in bacterial culture Pseudomonas esterophilus. Nutrient medium was prepared of mineral salts and ethyl acetate as a source of carbon dissolved in light-isotope water with ppm 35 and 70; the control medium contained same components dissolved in distilled water. The investigation showed an increase in the number of bacterial cells in the exponential stage of growth in static culture in light-isotope water as compared with the control.

[Iodine-containing urine preservative].

One of the formidable problems of exploration missions is creation of autonomous water-closed life support systems. Sources of water for regeneration could be various water-containing human wastes including urine, the most chemically contaminated liquid. Prior to physical/chemical regeneration, urine first must be decontaminated in order to put a stop to microbiological processes that form harmful and volatile compounds contaminating condensate and drastically reducing the service life of afterpurifucation filters.

[Biodegradation of methyl and ethyl acetates by immobilized Pseudomonas esterophilus cells].

A biofilter based on polyvinylformal foam and Pseudomonas esterophilus strain VKM V-1436D cells, which utilize methyl and ethyl acetates as sources of carbon and energy, was created. A complete conversion of methyl and ethyl acetate (2000 mg/l) under flow conditions was reached. Because carboxyl esterase does not exhibit specificity for these esters, no adaptation period was required for switching the biofilter between biodegradation of methyl acetate and ethyl acetate.

[Removal of harmful admixtures from a surrogate atmospheric condensate of a closed habitat with the help of a cultivated bacterial association].

Tested was an idea to eliminate six harmful admixtures reside in a surrogate of atmospheric condensate of closed habitats by a cultivated bacterial association. The purpose was to select members of the bacterial associations that would assimilate acetone, acetic acid, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methylamine and ammonia as free, so immobilized on insoluble cellular polyvinylformal. The resulted association of three bacterial species showed the ability to transform into end products a six-component surrogate of atmospheric condensate.

[Combined use of local anesthetic with clonidine in cases of tooth extraction].

The technique of local anesthesia by lidocain in combination with clonidine (clofelinum) as vasoconstrictor in the dose of 1 microg/kg was compared with local anesthesia by novocain in combination with adrenaline (1:200 000) or by lidocain without vasoconstrictor or by articain in combination with adrenaline (0.012 mg/ml). Lidocain use led to expressed tachycardia and considerable increase of cardiac oufput in moderate hypertension reactions.

[Biotransformation of organic substances by an immobilized associative bacterial culture].

Bacterial strains were screened to transform to end-products (carbon monoxide and water) elevated concentrations of acetone, acidic acid, and ethanol in a biocatalyst with an immobilized bacterial association cultivated on solid foam polyvinyl acetate (FPVA). The innocuous association amalgamated Paracoccus denitrificans VKM V-1324, Pseudomonas esterophilus VKM V-1736D and Achromobacter parvulus VKM V-1541D. The biocatalyst was tested with the help of classic methods and equipment for microbes cultivation.

[Principles of developing methods for decontamination and preservation of water-containing human wastes in a mission to Mars].

Chemical and microbial safety will be one of the major functions of a closed eco-system aboard piloted interplanetary vehicle. Methods for decontamination and preservation of water-containing human wastes (WHW) should be developed on the assumption that WHW are a labile biochemical system biological and chemical processes of which are intricately dependent on preservatives, regenerative water quality, structural material off-gassing, and methods of WHW collection, storage, and management.

[Microbial destruction of harmful organic contaminants inherent to atmosphere of living space].

The investigation into the microbial destruction of harmful organic contaminants in the air of habitable rooms was performed with the assumption that microorganisms have labile metabolism and synthesize inducible enzymes involved in transformation of organics compounds. Based on our observations, Methylobacterium D-08 and Arthrobacter pastens are able to synthesize inducible enzymes and transform ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, and aldehyde. Association of these microorganisms does not reveal acute antagonism in case of co-cultivation on mineral substrates with carbon provided by ethanol, acidic acid, acetone, and acetate aldehyde.

[Immobilized biocatalysts in biotechnological processes].

In recent years, biotechnology has been stuck with the problem of choosing the most technologically convenient way of utilization of biocatalysts using bacterial cells or structural formations. Immobilization of bio-objects on solid carriers uses the advantages of heterogenic catalysis over homogenous like simple separation of byocatalyst from end product on completion of biotechnological process, and highly effective transformation or synthesis of organic compounds through biomass concentration in fermenter. In addition, immobilized biocatalysts exhibit better stability in case of exposure to aggressive temperatures, active environmental reactions, and "attack" of foreign microflora.

[General status of patients before dental treatment].

Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate, and stress index (estimated by ECG) were measured in 20 patients several minutes before dental treatment. Systolic AP was normal in 56% patients (mainly elderly), diastolic was normal in 50.5% and increased in 36% (particularly so in elderly patients).

Environmental issues in the post-communist Ukraine.

The Ukraine, which gained independence in 1991, faces serious problems related to environmental degradation. Environmental problems contribute to a deterioration in human health and a negative trend in population growth. Both form part of a raft of socio-economic problems encountered during the country's transition to a free market economy.

[Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in biological studies].

Biogenic chemical elements in the Earth biosphere are presented both by light and heavy stable isotopes (16O and 18O, 12C and 13C). Because of inequality of these isotopes the light ones dominate in the exchange processes between the animate and inanimate nature and this leads to changes in the ratios of isotope modifications in the environment. A comparatively constant isotopic composition of the Earth atmosphere is primarily maintained by water.

[Immobilized catalase in water purification systems].

The results of studies on producing the biocatalyst based on catalase immobilized in the fibers from triacetate are presented. The catalase producer is Penicillium fungus. Catalase was produced by precipitation with the use of ethyl alcohol from the cultural fluid with separate and unseparate mycelium.

[Biocatalysis using immobilized cells or enzymes as a method of water and air purification in habitable enclosed environment].

This paper shows that the method of water and air purification using immobilized cells and enzymes can be applied in regenerative life support systems in a habitable enclosed environment. This method is based on selective and adaptive functions of enzymic systems of microorganisms to assimilate organic components of the medium to be eliminated. Advantages of biocatalysis are low energy requirements and mild temperatures of purification leading to practically complete elimination of the substrate.