Enhancing antibiotic therapy through comprehensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.

Antibiotic therapy relies on understanding both pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), which respectively address drug absorption, distribution, and elimination, and the relationship between drug concentration and antimicrobial efficacy. This review synthesizes decades of research, drawing from studies, models, and clinical observations, to elucidate the temporal dynamics of antibiotic activity. We explore how these dynamics, including concentration-effect relationships and post antibiotic effects, inform the classification of antibiotics based on their PD profiles.

Effects of economic sanctions on cancer care for patients in Iran: a qualitative study.

Background: Due to political and security concerns, Iran has faced stringent sanctions in recent decades, significantly impacting vulnerable cancer patients. According to the latest statistics, the 5-year prevalent cases in Iran were 357,906 for both sexes combined. This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of cancer patients, their families, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) regarding the ramifications of economic sanctions on cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Endocrine dysfunction post-traumatic brain injury: challenges and therapeutic approaches.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread, serious public health concern with substantial lasting effects, such as impacting the endocrine system. Here, we review the complications and consequences of TBI on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) and connected endocrine glands, which are essential for maintaining body balance. Endocrine dysfunctions caused by TBI, especially hypopituitarism, can result in hormonal imbalances that impact various physiological systems, such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses.

Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) interactions with cyclins and Speedy 1 (Spy1) for cancer and male contraception.

The review discusses progress in discovering cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors for cancer treatment and their potential for male contraception. It summarizes first-, second-, and third-generation CDK inhibitors and selective CDK2 inhibitors currently in clinical trials for cancer. Novel strategies to discover allosteric inhibitors, covalent inhibitors, and degraders are also discussed.

Novel F-18-labeled Tracers of Sympathetic Function for Improved Risk Stratification and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the role of the novel F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) sympathetic radiotracers for risk stratification in patients with ischemic heart disease. PET tracers have demonstrated prognostic value by characterizing myocardial sympathetic nerve density and by extension the extent of myocardial sympathetic denervation. The unique features of these PET radiotracers are discussed in relation to clinical application.

The Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology.

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is driven by complex molecular mechanisms involving inflammatory cytokines and immune pathways. According to recent research, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which are typically prescribed to treat depressive disorders, have strong anti-inflammatory effects. TCAs, including imipramine and amitriptyline, alter inflammatory signaling cascades, which include lowering the levels pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Life review intervention in the promotion of quality of relationships and quality of life of rural older widows in Northeastern Iran: a clinical trial study.

Objectives: Widowhood affects the quality of life and interpersonal relationships of older women. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a life review program on quality of life and quality of relationships among older rural widows in Iran.

Method: A clinical trial was conducted with 128 older adults widowed women who were served by rural health centers in the city of Iran.

Iranian 6-11 years age population-based EEG, ERP, and cognition dataset.

This report presents an open-source dataset investigating neurodevelopmental profiles in children. The dataset consists of EEG, ERP, and cognitive assessments from 100 Iranian non-clinical participants (age range 6-11 years, Mean = 8.52 ± 1.

Development of an enzymatic aptasensor for monitoring recombinant His-tagged proteins in microbial biotechnology.

The utilization of polyhistidine tags (His-tag) for the purification and analysis of recombinant proteins is a widely adopted technique in biotechnology. Considering the high costs associated with antibody-based methods, the development of cost-effective techniques for protein identification following purification could significantly lower research expenses. This study developed a novel His-tag aptasensor, combining an anti-His tag aptamer with a G-quadruplex-based DNAzyme, which demonstrates limits of detection (LODs) of 0.

Improving NGOs' participation in implementing HIV preventive interventions: a case of adolescents with high-risk behaviors in Iran.

Background: The study aimed to identify the obstacles that NGOs face in their participation in implementing HIV preventive interventions among adolescents with high-risk behaviors in Iran and to propose interventions to enhance their involvement.

Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach in three phases to identify barriers and solutions to NGOs' participation in HIV preventive interventions. First, 56 semi-structured interviews, four focus group discussions (FGDs), and a document review were conducted with diverse stakeholders, using a purposive sampling strategy combining maximum variation sampling with a snowballing approach.

Contrary trends of grout consumption and water absorption at Sardasht.

A new interpretation of contrary trends of water absorption rate and cement mix consumption in rock grouting is presented. The classical interpretation is either a higher consumption due to fracturing or a higher absorption due to thin fractures that cannot be grouted. Higher grout consumption will depend on the distribution of fractures, their openings and extensions.

Progress Toward the Implementation of General Health Policies in Iran.

Background: Monitoring and evaluation are crucial in ensuring the effective implementation of health priorities. This descriptive study examined the progress towards implementing Iran's General Health Policies (IGHP) to illustrate how countries can effectively monitor and evaluate their national plans. Additionally, the study sought to identify factors that impede the full implementation of these policies.

Teaching healthy lifestyle behaviors based on philosophical thinking to preschool children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The promotion of a healthy lifestyle among preschool children is essential for establishing their future habits. Evidence indicates that the incorporation of philosophical thinking-encompassing critical, creative, and compassionate thought-can significantly contribute to children's cognitive and moral growth, thereby positively affecting their health-related decisions. This research evaluated the effects of imparting healthy lifestyle practices through philosophical thinking to preschool children.

Assessment of the phenotypic and physicochemical traits of nine Iranian endemic fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).

Considering the significance of fenugreek as a valuable medicinal and food plant, assessing the genetic diversity of different populations of this species is essential for optimizing performance and adaptability to environmental conditions. This study aims to investigate genetic diversity and identify important phenotypic traits in various Iranian fenugreek accessions ("Mashhad", "Tehran", "Yazd", "Shiraz", "Birjand", "Isfahan", "Kerman", "Kalat", "Neyshabur"), an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments (accessions) in Iran. The results showed that the highest seed yield was observed in "Kalat" (120.

Prediction of facial nerve outcomes after surgery for vestibular schwannoma using machine learning-based models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative facial nerve (FN) dysfunction is associated with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and can result in psychological stress and disorders such as depression and social isolation. Preoperative prediction of FN outcomes can play a critical role in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) patient care. Several studies have developed machine learning (ML)-based models in predicting FN outcomes following resection of VS.

Surgical sharp debridement alongside maggot debridement therapy (MDT) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs): A systematic review of case reports.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review of case reports is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining surgical sharp debridement with maggot debridement therapy (MDT) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported on the use of surgical sharp debridement alongside MDT for DFUs, while exclusion criteria included insufficient detail on treatment methods or patient outcomes, non-human studies, and non-English publications.

Effects of cypermethrin exposure on learning and memory functions and anxiety-like behavior in rats.

Background: Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid widely used to control plant pests, has been associated with various diseases in humans exposed to pesticides, either directly or indirectly. This study aimed to examine the effects of CYP on learning and memory functions, as well as anxiety-like behavior.

Methods: Forty male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: The first group served as the control, while the other three groups received different doses of CYP (5, 20, and 80 mg/kg) via gavage once daily for one month.

Polyethylene nanoplastics affected morphological, physiological, and molecular indices in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

This study explored morphological, physiological, molecular, and epigenetic responses of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) to soil contamination with polyethylene nanoplastics (PENP; 0.01, 0.1, and 1 gkg soil).

Natural products in the treatment of diabetic foot infection.

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a significant complication in diabetes mellitus, leading to increased morbidity, hospitalizations, and healthcare burdens. The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has reduced the efficacy of conventional treatments, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Natural products, known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, have garnered attention as potential treatments for DFIs.

The Trend of Utilization of Dental and Oral Health Services Among Children in Iran During 2019-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Oral health issues present substantial obstacles for children and teenagers globally, affecting their holistic health. With Iranian children experiencing a high prevalence of dental cavities, understanding their utilization of dental services and the influencing factors is essential. Therefore, this study examined the utilization of dental and oral health services by children aged 6 to 14 at healthcare centers in Karaj, Iran, in 2019-2021.

Gamma frequency connectivity in frontostriatal networks associated with social preference is reduced with traumatic brain injury.

Among the myriad of complications associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), impairments in social behaviors and cognition have emerged as a significant area of concern. Animal models of social behavior are necessary to explore the underlying brain mechanisms contributing to chronic social impairments following brain injury. Here, we utilize large-scale brain recordings of local field potentials to identify neural signatures linked with social preference deficits following frontal brain injury.

Comprehensive Analysis of Virulence Genes, Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Sequence Types in Clinical Isolates of .

The rise in multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a formidable challenge in treating hospital-acquired infections, particularly those caused by . Biofilm formation is a critical factor contributing to antibiotic resistance, enhancing bacterial adherence and persistence. strains vary in virulence factors, influencing their pathogenicity and resistance profiles.