Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking are Important Modifiers of the Association Between Acute Pancreatitis and the PRSS1-PRSS2 Locus in Men.

Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate whether the susceptibility to acute pancreatitis (AP) attributable to polymorphism rs10273639 at the PRSS1-PRSS2 locus is dependent on alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.

Methods: A total of 603 unrelated Russian individuals including 304 patients with physician-diagnosed AP and 299 sex- and age-matched healthy controls have been recruited for the study. A polymorphism rs10273639 (-408C>T) of PRSS1-PRSS2 was genotyped by TaqMan-based assay.

Association of the HindIII Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Polymorphism with the Development of the Non-Biliary Acute Pancreatitis: a Pilot Study.

We studied the relationship between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene HindIII polymorphism and the development of acute pancreatitis in the Russian population. Whole blood samples were collected from 145 patients with acute non-biliary pancreatitis and 191 healthy individuals. Genotyping of LPL gene HindIII (rs320) polymorphism was performed by PCR with TaqMan assay.

[State of duodenal patency in patients with postgastrectomy syndromes].

It was analyzed the examination and treatment results of 100 patients who underwent resection of stomach by Billroth-I in case of peptic ulcer. Chronic disorders of duodenal patency were diagnosed in 86% of patients. The main role of chronic disorders of duodenal patency in postgastrectomy syndromes development was proved.

[The role of chronically disordered duodenal patency in the development of post-gastroresection syndrome].

We assessed results of examination and treatment of 100 patients with ulcer disease who had undergone Bilroth-1 stomach resection. Chronic disorder of duodenal patency was revealed in 86% of the patients. This condition was shown to play the leading role in the development of post-gastric resection syndrome.

[The association study of the promoter polymorphism -308G>A of tumor necrosis factor gene with the development and severity of acute pancreatitis in Russian population of Kursk region].

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the polymorphism -308G>A of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene and the risk and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in unrelated Russians from Kursk region. DNA samples were obtained from 190 AP patients and 217 healthy controls for genotyping the polymorphism through a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Although -308G>A genotypes did not show a significant association with disease risk, the genotype -308GA was found to be associated only with non-severe type of acute alcohol-related pancreatitis (odds ratio 1.

[Improvement of endoscopic treatment of the acute cholecystitis].

Treatment results of 763 patients with acute cholecystitis were analyzed. Destructive forms of the disease was diagnosed by the ultrasound examination in all cases. Choledocholithiasis was diagnosed in 35 (4.

[Technology for sclerosurgical treatment of upper veno-venous reflux of the large subcutaneous vein in varicose vein patients].

Under analysis were results of a complex ultrasound examination and the following treatment of 101 patients with varicose disease which had developed due to a high veno-venous ejection. The decision on the method of treatment depended on the variant of reflux spread and the degree of dilatation of the large subcutaneous vein. Four variants of spreading the reflux were established: in the inguinal area only (3.

[Mechanisms of the development of venous hypertension in patients with varicose disease].

The examination of 539 patients with varicose disease was fulfilled with the help of ultrasonic (dopplerography, angioscanning), rentgenological (phlebography, lymphography), functional (rheovasography, photoplethysmography) methods. Two forms of venous hypertension were established: superficial and deep. Hemodynamic disorders in patients with the superficial form result from the formation of isolated blood refluxes in the superficial, perforant and profound veins.

[The pathogenesis and surgical treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities against a background of varicose veins].

The state of the musculo-venous pump of lower extremities was studied in 72 patients with trophic ulcers caused by varicose disease. The methods used were: phlebotonometry, phleboplethysmography, US dopplerography, distal ascending and retrograde-femoral, popliteal and talocrural phlebography. It was established that ectasia and/or valve incompetence of deep and muscle veins of the lower extremities with the formation of blood refluxes along the profound, communicating and superficial veins underlie the disturbances of venous hemodynamics.

[Hemodynamic characteristics of the state of musculo-venous pump of the lower limbs and pelvis in patients with varicose veins].

The method of phlebotonometry developed by the authors was used in an analysis of results of the state of musculo-venous pump of lower extremities and pelvis in 106 patients with varicose disease. The dynamics of phlebotonogram indices was studied during isolated functional exercises of the muscles of prelum abdominale, femur, leg and foot. In the first and second stages of the disease the function of both the single pumps and the whole pump system is disturbed but mildly and has no stage distinctions.

[The mechanisms of the development of decompensated forms of varicose veins].

The functional (rheovasography, photoplethysmography), ultrasonic (dopplerography) and roentgenological (distal ascending and retrograde popliteal and talocrural phlebography) methods of investigation were used for studying the state of the musculo-venous pump of the crus in 50 patients with the varicose disease in the stage of trophic disorders. It was established that the formation of pathological capacities in the crural muscular veins and leakage of blood from the posterior tibial into deep plantar veins was responsible for the development of the decompensated course of this disease.

[The pathogenetic validation of the volume and the technology for the surgical correction of disorders in the musculo-venous pump of the lower extremities in patients with decompensated forms of varicose veins].

The state of the venous, capillary blood circulation and lymph flow was studied in 70 patients with varicose disease at the stage of trophic disorders with the help of photoplethysmography, rheovasography, dopplerography, distal ascending and retrograde femoral, popliteal, talocrural phlebography, lymphography. It was established that a sharp disturbance of the musculo-venous pump function caused decompensation of not only the venous blood circulation but also the lymph flow, while the removal of the subcutaneous veins of the crus is not possible without deterioration of the lymphatic drainage. The authors propose not to ablate the main trunks of the subcutaneous veins on the crus but to perform occlusion of the autovein ablated from the femur.

[Surgical correction of vertical reflux of blood in musculo-venous pump of the lower limbs and pelvis in patients with varicose veins].

The authors have made an analysis of results of treatment of 469 patients with the varicose disease. During operations on them surgical correction of vertical reflux of blood was performed by means of extravasal correction of incompetent valves of the femoral, popliteal and tibial veins, resection or obturation of the posterior tibial veins. Traditional methods (frame spiral and fascioplication) and original ones (three ligatures and tension of the valve cusps through the frame spiral coil) were used.

[Clinical and X-ray diagnosis of vertical blood reflux in muscle-venous pump of lower extremities and pelvis in varicosity].

Four hundred and twenty three patients with varicosity were comprehensively examined and surgically treated. X-ray diagnosis of vertical blood reflux was made in each of 4 musculovenous pumps (the abdominocaval pump, the punps of the hip, shin, foot). The first pump was studied by retrograde pelvic phlebography through the contralateral leg, the second one was examined by retrograde contrast administration into the onset of the external iliac vein as the second stage of retrograde pelvic phlebography or by its direct puncture, the third pump was explored by retrograde saphenous phlebography with pneumocompression of deep veins of the hip proximalo the site of puncture.

[Noninvasive diagnosis of pathological reflux of blood in the musculo-venous pump of the lower limbs and pelvis in varicose disease].

An examination and following treatment of 469 patients with varicose disease were carried out on the basis of a three-steps noninvasive diagnostic complex developed by the authors of the article. The first step is intended for examining the patients in order to detect injuries of each of the four pumps (the abdomino-caval pump, femur, shin and foot) involved in the venous return. The functional tests developed by the authors were used.

[Use of a domestic hydrogel as an occlusive agent of varicose veins of the lower limbs].

The authors propose experimental grounds of the method of surgical correction of the pathological blood flow along varicose subcutaneous veins and the endovasal catheter obliteration of them. The method was used in operations on 70 patients with varicosities of the lower extremity veins at the I and II stages of the disease. No complications or recurrences were noted in the following 1-3 years of observation.

[Significance of retrograde blood flow in the posterior tibial and deep plantar veins of the foot in the pathogenesis of decompensated varicose disease].

An examination of 91 patients with varicosities of the lower extremity veins at different stages of the disease was carried out in order to find out the retrograde blood flow in deep veins of the shin and foot by means of the retrograde popliteal and talocrural phlebography. The investigation performed allowed a conclusion of an important pathogenetical role of the retrograde blood flow in deep veins of the shin and foot in genesis of trophic cutaneous disorders. Endovascular occlusion of the posterior tibial veins after A.

[Surgical treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis].

The analysis of surgical treatment of 126 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis is made. The authors follow an active surgical policy in patients with justified risk of surgery. The operation is carried out in two stages: 1st-radical elimination of pathologic changes of extrahepatic bile ducts, restoration of the passage through the large duodenal papilla (LDP), and 2nd stage is the operation on the pancreas.

[The hemodynamic significance of normal vertical blood reflux based on dopplerographic data and in patients with primary varicose veins of the lower extremities].

Data of echophlebodopplerography on "ULTRA-PVD" (USA) were used for studying the frequency and hemodynamic significance of vertical reflux of blood in the deep veins of lower extremities in varicose patients. A group of 50 healthy men and women and 80 patients with different stage of varicose disease were studied. A comparison of the data obtained allowed determining a reliable static criterion of the retrograde wave duration when performing a test with proximal compression.

[The causes and prevention of neurological disorders in the surgical treatment of varicose disease].

Frequency of the appearance of neurological disturbances was studied after operative treatment of varicose disease in 422 patients. The topographo-anatomical correlations of subcutaneous nerves and lower extremity veins were also investigated in 40 corpses. The authors' original method was used in operations on 82 patients.

[Patterns in the spread of the vertical blood reflux in the musculo-venous "pump" of the foot in varicose disease].

An analysis of the complex clinical and phlebographic examination of 84 patients with the varicose disease was made. Eight variants of the state of the valve apparatus of profound veins of the foot were established. Main regular features of spread of the retrograde blood flow the profound veins along insufficient perforating to the superficial veins were determined.

[Diagnostic possibilities of retrograde pelvic phlebography through the contralateral limb in varicosities].

The regular features of the passage of vertical blood reflux from the pelvic veins to the veins of the lower limbs were studied in 65 patients with varicosity by means of retrograde pelvic phlebography (RPP). The following atypical forms of varicosity were found to be absolute indications for RPP: varicosity of the gluteal veins, the veins of the ischiatic and pubic regions, the posterior and medial surface of the upper third of the thigh, and the veins of the genitals. The relative indications are recurrent varicosity with varicose veins in the inguinal region and operative scars preventing puncture of the femoral vein of the limb under study, and the development of various complications in puncture retrograde phlebography which make the examination difficult.