Effect of Degree of Ethoxylation on the Surface and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Ionic Liquids for Oilfield Applications.

Worldwide energy needs are growing, requiring new extraction techniques for crude oil from old reservoirs. However, conventional chemicals face difficulties when exposed to harsh reservoir environments such as solubility in high saline water and heat stability under harsh reservoir environments. This study investigates the potential of newly synthesized polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) as alternative options.

Structural insights into pyridinium-based dicationic surfactants at harsh conditions: Influence of spacer groups on thermal stability and surface properties.

The structural properties of surfactants are essential for understanding their behavior and sustainability under extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and varying salinities. In this study, four pyridinium-based dicationic surfactants with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic spacer groups were synthesized and structurally characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and surface tension measurements were conducted to investigate the influence of spacer groups on thermal stability and surface properties.

Effect of biological lignin depolymerization on rice straw enzymatic hydrolysis, anerobic fermentation characteristics and in vitro ruminal digestibility.

This study investigated the effects of lignin depolymerization using laccase on rice straw silage fermentation characteristics, lignocellulose biodegradation and in vitro digestibility. Rice straw was ensiled for 120 days, either without additives (control), or pretreated with Lactobacillus plantarum and cellulases (LPC), cellulases and laccase (CL), and L. plantarum, cellulases and laccase (LPCL).

A narrative review on the psychosocial domains of the impact of organ transplantation.

This review explores organ transplantation, spanning historical developments, psychosocial impacts, and future directions. In the pre-transplantation phase, evaluations of psychosocial factors, including substance use, mental health, and social support, are essential for successful outcomes. However, linking total psychosocial risk scores to post-transplant outcomes remains challenging despite available tools and assessments.

Factors affecting the thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy: A literature review.

Objective: The use of lasers has been an important part of urology in the treatment of stone and prostate disease. The thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy have been a subject of debate over the years. The objective of this review was to assess the current state of knowledge available on the thermal effects of lasers in lithotripsy, as well as explore any new areas where studies are needed.

Thromboembolic event in a patient of immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report.

Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by a low blood platelet count, which is attributed to both decreased megakaryocyte production in the bone marrow and the generation of autoantibodies causing platelet destruction in the spleen. Individuals with autoimmune conditions are highly susceptible to pulmonary embolism. This case involves a 39-year-old female with ITP who developed thromboembolisms.

Spectrum of different categories of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders diagnosed at Children Hospital.

Objective: To determine the frequency and spectrum of different categories of Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD).

Methodology: This was a prospective, observational analytical study, conducted in the Pediatric Medicine Department, University of Child Health Sciences (UCHS) from January 2021 to January 2023.We recruited 81 patients, initially suspected based on Jeffrey Modell Foundation(JMF) warning signs, followed by detailed evaluation.

The effect of acetylcysteine on the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio: a narrative review.

Introduction: Patients poisoned with paracetamol are treated with acetylcysteine. In patients without hepatocellular injury, an increased prothrombin time or international normalized ratio has been observed during acetylcysteine administration. The international normalized ratio is preferred as it is a standardized calculation of prothrombin time independent of reagents and machinery.

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Particles Using Malic Acid-Derived Polyamides, Polyhydrazides, and Hydrazides.

Malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides exhibit strong potential for a variety of biological applications. This study demonstrates the synthesis of cobalt, silver, copper, zinc, and iron particles by a facile chemical reduction approach utilizing malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides as stabilizing and reducing agents. Comprehensive characterization of the particles was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis.

Formation of alginate gel stabilized silica nanoparticles for encapsulation and topical delivery of minoxidil.

Silica nanoparticles-embedded smart-gels are efficient drug carrier systems due to their structural flexibility, high porosity, and ease of formulation development. Herein, the extent of interaction of minoxidil (MXD), a potent vasodilator prodrug, with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and alginate (ALG) was investigated. The SiNPs were prepared by extracting silica from rice husk ash, and these SiNPs were further used to prepare MXD-loaded-SiNPs (MXD-SiNPs) by loading them with an appropriate amount of MXD.

Green solution for oil spills: A review on the role of surface-active ionic liquids.

Oil spills have long-lasting and harmful impacts on the environment, particularly on aquatic ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methods for oil spill removal, highlighting both their advantages and limitations. Traditional methods for addressing oil spills, including physical, thermal, biological and chemical techniques, often prove insufficient, with chemical dispersants being the most popular approach.

Facile assembly of flexible humidity sensors based on nanostructured graphite/zinc oxide-coated cellulose fibrous frameworks for human healthcare.

The development of flexible, cost-effective, highly efficient, and reliable humidity monitoring sensors is in high demand owing to their wide-range of applications in industrial domains. In this study, a humidity sensor was fabricated based on graphite/zinc oxide nanoparticle (G/ZnO-NP)-coated cellulose paper. A bar device was designed using computer software, and its sketch was printed on cellulose paper, with graphite bars then added using the pencil-drawing method, and then ZnO-NP paste was coated on the graphite patterns.

Formulation of Microemulsion-Based Gels for Enhanced Topical Administration of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly administered orally to manage pain and inflammation, but they can have negative gastrointestinal side effects. Topical delivery is an alternative, and microemulsions (μEs) have been shown to be effective in facilitating, but they suffer from a liquid nature and low long-term retention on the skin. Hence, microemulsified gels (μEGs) have been developed, and in this study, we explored certain μEGs with diclofenac sodium (DF-Na) and naproxen sodium (NP-Na) with the hypothesis to ensure a slower and more sustained delivery of NSAIDs through the skin.

Ecological consequences of antimicrobial residues and bioactive chemicals on antimicrobial resistance in agroecosystems.

Background: The widespread use of antimicrobials in agriculture, coupled with bioactive chemicals like pesticides and growth-promoting agents, has accelerated the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Agroecosystems provides a platform in the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose significant threats to both environmental and public health.

Aim Of Review: This review explores the ecological consequences of antimicrobial residues and bioactive chemicals in agroecosystems, with a focus on their role in shaping AMR.

Analysis of fractionalized Brinkman flow in the presence of diffusion effect.

A vertical plate experiences a dynamic flow of fractionalized Brinkman fluid governed by fluctuating magnetic forces. This study considers heat absorption and diffusion-thermo effects. The novelty of model is the fractionalized Fourier's and Fick's laws.

Reverse vaccinology approaches to design a potent multiepitope vaccine against the HIV whole genome: immunoinformatic, bioinformatics, and molecular dynamics approaches.

Substantial advances have been made in the development of promising HIV vaccines to eliminate HIV-1 infection. For the first time, one hundred of the most submitted HIV subtypes and CRFs were retrieved from the LANL database, and the consensus sequences of the eleven HIV proteins were obtained to design vaccines for human and mouse hosts. By using various servers and filters, highly qualified B-cell epitopes, as well as HTL and CD8 + epitopes that were common between mouse and human alleles and were also located in the conserved domains of HIV proteins, were considered in the vaccine constructs.

Formulation and Optimization of Effective Oil Spill Dispersants Composed of Surface-Active Ionic Liquids and Nonionic Surfactants.

The use of chemical dispersants to remove oil spills in aquatic environments raises serious concerns, including heightened toxicity and limited biodegradability, which diminish their effectiveness. This study aimed to develop an environmentally friendly formulation by combining two nonionic surfactants (Tween 80, Span 80) with two surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs): 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lauroyl sarcosinate [Bmim][Lausar] and choline myristate [Cho][Mys], to remediate crude oil spill. The performance of the formulation was evaluated by its emulsion stability, surface tension, interfacial tension (IFT), and effectiveness.

Association between obesity phenotypes and non-alcoholic fatty liver: a large population- based study.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the association between different metabolic obesity phenotypes and the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study, which involved 8,360 adults. Participants with a Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score of ≥ 60 was classified as having NAFLD.

Influence of maize genotypes and harvest stages on in-silo fermentation quality and nutritional value of corn silage during hot summer condition of the tropics.

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the potential of promising summer maize genotypes and optimal stage of harvesting these genotypes for ensiling in terms of dry matter (DM), starch, and crude protein (CP) yields, silage fermentation quality, nutrients profile, total digestible nutrients, metabolizable energy (ME) content, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) carbohydrate (CHO) subfractions composition, in vitro DM digestibility (DMD) and in situ starch degradation characteristics. Six maize genotypes were chosen for the study: DK9108 from Monsanto, P30Y87, P3939 from Pioneer, QPM-300 (quality protein maize) and W94 from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and a local cultivar, Afgoii, from the Cereal Research Institute (Persabaq, KP). A total of 72 plots (8 m × 10 m) were blocked in three replicate fields, and within each field, each genotype was sown in four replicate plots according to a randomized complete block design.

Aged garlic extract preserves beta-cell functioning via modulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)/Ca in diabetes mellitus.

Background: Peripheral insulin resistance and compromised insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are significant factors and pathogenic hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM). NF-κβ/TLR-4 and SERCA/Ca pathways have been identified as potential pathways regulating insulin synthesis by preserving pancreatic β-cell functioning. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) against DM in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model with particular emphasis on pancreatic β-cell functioning.

Microwave Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots from Arabica Coffee Ground for Fluorescence Detection of Fe, Pb, and Cr.

In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which were synthesized from arabica coffee ground-derived activated carbon, have been successfully employed as a fluorescence sensor to detect Fe ions. CQDs were fabricated using microwave heating for 5-10 min, which emitted vibrant blue light at 455 nm when exposed to excitation at 365 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed that the average size of CQDs was 10.

Correction: Facile fabrication of a graphene-based chemical sensor with ultrasensitivity for nitrobenzene.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3RA08794H.].