Epstein-Barr virus in tonsillar tissue of Iranian children with tonsillar hypertrophy: Quantitative measurement by real-time PCR.

Background And Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous all around the world. Tonsils seem to be candidate replication sites for EBV, and these tissues can be infected acutely or chronically. Some studies reported an association between EBV infection and tonsillar hypertrophy.

Evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), miR-141-3p, and miR-421 levels in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a case-control study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns suspected of congenital rubella syndrome in Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Following rubella virus control, the most important cause of congenital infections is human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Congenital CMV (cCMV) may happen both in primary and non-primary maternal infections. The present study aimed to screen cCMV in symptomatic newborns suspected of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Iran.

Plausible reasons for the resurgence of Mpox (formerly Monkeypox): an overview.

Poxviruses are large and diversified viruses that cause an emerging zoonotic disease known as monkeypox (mpox). In the past, mpox predominated primarily in the rural rainforests of Central and West Africa. Recently, the exportation of mpoxv from Africa to other continents has been progressively reported.

SARS-CoV-2 in patient with protein C deficiency: A case report.

In SARS-CoV-2 pandemic different disorders in coagulation pathways in COVID-19 patients were reported. We described a 44-year-old female with COVID-19 and protein C deficiency history. She did not show any coagulation disorder during her disease course.

Impact of COVID-19 on the changing pattern of human orthopneumovirus (respiratory syncytial virus) infection in Iran.

Background: Human orthopneumovirus (HOPV) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the important causes of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) during the cold months of the year worldwide. Many countries have reported an absence of ARIs due to HOPV during the winter of 2020-2021 associated with preventive measures to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV2. However, with the reduction of COVID-19 public health restrictions and the absence of immunity in the community due to the lack of exposure in the previous season, many countries had a delayed HOPV outbreak.

How to tackle single target gene positive results of SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) is the gold standard test for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, when the test result is near the detection limit of the assay the possibility of getting false positive or negative results is high. In addition, it might result in single target gene positive (STGP) results which should be interpreted with caution.

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinovirus and adenovirus in hospitalized children aged ≤ 18 years with severe acute respiratory infection in Iran.

Background And Objectives: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are among the most prevalent viruses in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). This study aimed to evaluate the molecular characterization of HRV and HAdV in hospitalized patients with SARI, who aged ≤ 18 years in Tehran, Iran.

Materials And Methods: To detect these two viruses, a conventional nested RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) assay was performed on 264 throat swabs collected from December 2018 to March 2019.

The reproduction rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 different variants recently circulated in human: a narrative review.

SARS-COV-2 is responsible for the current worldwide pandemic, which started on December 2019 in Wuhan, China. On March 2020 World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as the new pandemic. Some SARS-COV-2 variants have increased transmissibility, cause more severe disease (e.

Assessment of influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) oseltamivir resistance during 2017-2019 in Iran.

Background And Objectives: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) as an imperative antiviral for influenza prophylaxis and treatment are being consumed worldwide. Increasing use of these antivirals might be associated with drug resistance. Regarding the significance of these variations, this study aimed to investigate the mutations occurring in the NA gene of influenza A viruses leading to oseltamivir resistance during 2017-2019 in Iran.

Molecular epidemiology of human adenoviruses in children with and without respiratory symptoms: Preliminary findings from a case-control study.

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important viral agent in children which can lead to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Reports on molecular epidemiology of HAdVs in Iran are limited. This case-control study is conducted to compare the HAdV infection rate and molecular epidemiology among two groups of children with and without respiratory symptoms in Tehran, Iran during 2018-2019.

Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Human Cytomegalovirus in Kidney Transplant Recipients under Ganciclovir Prophylaxis in Iran.

Introduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is one of the most common viral complications in kidney transplant recipients. Although there are effective treatments strategies for the HCMV infection, this infection is still one of the causes of kidney transplant rejection.

Methods: A total of 246 kidney transplant recipients participated in this cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection by real-time PCR assay using pooled specimens.

To evaluate SARS-CoV-2 genome detection using pooled samples by RT-qPCR assay, compared to individual samples. At first all samples were tested individually using two commercial methods targeting ,  and  genes. Then, four experimental groups of samples were pooled and evaluated using the same detection methods.

The Persistence Time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Study.

Background: In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), spread to almost all countries worldwide. The outbreak of this virus has been confirmed on 19th February, 2020, in Iran.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the time of viral RNA clearance in swab and serum samples of COVID-19 patients having received different medications.

Mucormycosis infection in severe COVID-19 patient with multiple underlying health conditions.

Patients with underlying health conditions are vulnerable to invasive fungal infection following COVID-19. It seems that uncontrolled diabetes mellitus makes patients susceptible to both severe COVID-19 and mucormycosis.

SARS-CoV-2: an imperative maternal-fetal concern.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged virus which belongs to family within the betacoronavirus genus. Previous reports demonstrated that other betacoronaviruses were responsible for adverse outcomes during pregnancy in human. Due to inadequate data, the consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is still a public health concern in the second year of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in human population.

Molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus during co-circulation with newly-emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in Iran.

 Identification of molecular characteristics of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 virus provides insights into the evolution of this subtype due to the modulation of genomic characteristics in co-circulation with another subtype. The present study aimed to analyze the molecular and phylogenetic characteristics of the current LPAI H9N2 virus in characteristics of internal proteins are crucial for the adaptations of AIVs viruses to a new host. Since H9N2 is indigenous among poultry, continuous monitoring of viral genetic changes is needed for risk assessment of potential transmissibility to human population and emergence of new reassortant virus.