Mother-Infant Bonding in Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

Introduction: The quality of mother-infant bonding might play a role in future psychopathologies of the infant. The present study aims to compare the mother-infant bonding in mothers with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy mothers.

Methods: We included 51 mothers who have bipolar disorder in remission and 53 healthy mothers during postpartum one-year period.

First definition of burned choroid plexus in acidic cerebrospinal fluid-filled brain ventricles during subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study.

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acidosis is the most troubling complication in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) if carotid body (CB) networks are disrupted. However, histopathological examination of the choroid plexus (CP) in acidic CSF has not been evaluated so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CP in acidic CSF following SAH.

Predestinating Role of Cardiac Ganglia on Heart Life Expectancy in Rabbits After Brain Death Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study.

Background: Cardiac ganglia are rechargeable batteries of the heart. The essential role of cardiac ganglia on cardiac life expectancy has not been examined following brain death. The aim of this study was to determine cardiac ganglia numbers and neuron density following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Olfactory bulbectomy and raphe nucleus relationship: a new vision for well-known depression model.

The olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) technic is a well-known animal model for depression. According to serotonin hypothesis of depression, one of the possible explanations to this mechanism is the destroying effect of OBX on raphe nuclei which especially include serotonergic neurons. In this study, we aimed to explore histopathological findings in raphe nuclei in OBX rats.

Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Is Associated with Vagal Complex Degeneration: First Experimental Study.

Background: Neurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a devastating complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The most widely accepted mechanism in the pathogenesis of NSM and takotsubo cardiomyopathy is catecholamine-mediated direct myocardial injury. The aim of this study is to examine if there is any effect of sympathetic overactivity of the stellate ganglions on myocardial tissues, secondary to vagal complex degeneration in SAH-induced NSM.

Toward understanding the causes of blood pH irregularities and the roles of newly described binuclear neurons of carotid bodies on blood pH regulation during subarachnoid hemorrhage: Experimental study.

Acidosis is the most dangerous complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although the carotid bodies (CBs) network is essential for pH regulation, neither binuclear neurons (BNN) nor their functions have been mentioned so far in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the crucial roles of mononuclear (MNN) or BNN in CBs on acidosis following SAH.

Understanding of Dry Eye in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study on the Role of Facial Nerve Ischemia.

Aim: To understand possible mechanisms underlying lacrimal gland degeneration when facial nerve root ischemia induces pterygopalatine ganglion injury and subsequent dry eye in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Material And Methods: Rabbits were divided into four groups: control, sham, moderate subarachnoid hemorrhage, and severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Autologous blood recovered from the auricular artery was injected into the cisterna magna to induce subarachnoid hemorrhage in the two subarachnoid hemorrhage groups; animals were then monitored for dry eye development over 21 days before removal of their facial nerve roots, pterygopalatine ganglia, and lacrimal glands for immunohistochemical analyses.

First emerging objective experimental evidence of hearing impairment following subarachnoid haemorrhage; Felix culpa, phonophobia, and elucidation of the role of trigeminal ganglion.

The exact mechanism of phonophobia induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been understood well. This subject was investigated. This study was conducted on 25 rabbits.

Exploring of the Unpredicted Effects of Olfactory Network Injuries on Mammary Gland Degeneration: A Preliminary Experimental Study.

: Hypofunctioning breasts are typically considered a dysfunction of higher brain centers that regulate hormonal feedback, and olfactory information has been proposed as a triggering factor for lactation in the maternal body. However, there are no substantive studies regarding whether olfaction disorders and/or loss of olfactory sense may result in breast gland atrophy by causing diminished olfactory stimulation. To fill this gap in the literature, we studied the histologic features of breast glands as a sample model in animals that had undergone an olfactory bulb lesion (OBL).

How Reliable Is Pupillary Evaluation Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? Effect of Oculomotor Nerve Degeneration Secondary to Posterior Communicating Artery Vasospasm: First Experimental Study.

Background And Study Aim:   Basic neurophysiologic principles of the light reflex are well known. However, the effects of degenerated axon densities of oculomotor nerves (OMNs) secondary to posterior communicating artery (PComA) vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been investigated. Our aim was to study this subject.

Rationalization of the Irrational Neuropathologic Basis of Hypothyroidism-Olfaction Disorders Paradox: Experimental Study.

Objective: Hypothyroidism is defined as an underactive thyroid gland and one of the reasons for inadequate stimulation of thyroid is dysfunction of the hormone regulating brain centers. Olfaction disorders have been considered as a problem in hypothyroidism. It has been hypothesized that olfaction disorders reduce olfactory stimulation and diminished olfactory stimulus may trigger hypothyroidism.

New Evidence for Causal Central Mechanism of Hyperglycemia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Secondary to Ischemic Degenerative Disruption of Circuitry Among Insular Cortex, Nodose Ganglion, and Pancreas: Experimental Study.

Introduction: Although hyperglycemia is a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage, its pathophysiologic mechanism based on neural circuitry has not been known.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five rabbits were divided into 4 groups, with 5 in the control group. The SHAM and study groups received 1 mL saline and 1 mL autologous arterial blood into the sylvian cisterna, respectively.

A New Determinant of Poor Outcome After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Blood pH and the Disruption of Glossopharyngeal Nerve-Carotid Body Network: First Experimental Study.

Objective: The chemoreceptor network, consisting of the glossopharyngeal nerve and carotid body (GPN-CB), is essential for the regulation of blood pH. Its ischemic insults after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which may contribute to acidosis, have not been investigated.

Methods: Twenty-three hybrid rabbits were used.

Acute dissociative reaction to spontaneous delivery in a case of total denial of pregnancy: Diagnostic and forensic aspects.

This article presents the history of a 21-year-old female college student with total denial of pregnancy who experienced an acute dissociative reaction during the spontaneous delivery at home without medical assistance where the newborn died immediately. Psychiatric examination, self-report questionnaires, legal documents, and witness reports have been reviewed in evaluation of the case. Evidence pointed to total denial of pregnancy, that is, until delivery.

Uncovering the Forgotten Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia on Pupil Diameter in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between neuron density of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia and pupil diameter in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted on 22 rabbits; 5 for the baseline control group, 5 for the SHAM group and 12 for the study group. Pupil diameters were measured via sunlight and ocular tomography on day 1 as the control values.

Predictive Role of External Carotid Artery Vasospasm on Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Experimental Study.

Aim: Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to a devastating neurological outcome by inducing cerebral ischemia. However the role of external carotid artery (ECA) vasospasm has been rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of ECA vasospasm on cerebral ischemia related neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex after SAH.

An experimental study of the neurophysical mechanisms of photophobia induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Photophobia is defined as a painful psychosomatic discomfort triggered by intense light flow through the pupils to the brain, but the exact mechanism through which photophobia is induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there was any relationship between the mydriasis induced by the degeneration of the ciliary ganglion (CG) and photophobia in instances of SAH.

Materials And Methods: Five of a total of 25 rabbits were used as the intact control group; five were used in the sham-operated control group; and the remaining 15 were used as the SAH group, which was created by injecting autologous blood into their cisterna magna.

Uncovering a New Cause of Obstructive Hydrocephalus Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Choroidal Artery Vasospasm-Related Ependymal Cell Degeneration and Aqueductal Stenosis-First Experimental Study.

Background: Hydrocephalus is a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct may cause hydrocephalus after SAH. Although various etiologic theories have been put forward, choroidal artery vasospasm-related ependymal desquamation and subependymal basal membrane rupture as mechanisms of aqueductal stenosis have not been suggested in the literature.

The Important Liaison Between Onuf Nucleus-Pudendal Nerve Ganglia Complex Degeneration and Urinary Retention in Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study.

Objective: The Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) supplies pudendal nerve roots and conus medullaris. The aim of this study was to elucidate if there is any relationship between neurodegenerative changes of the Onuf nucleus (ON)-pudendal nerve ganglia complex secondary to vasospasm of the AKA after spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: This study was conducted on 22 rabbits, which were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (n = 5), sham (n = 5), and spinal SAH (n = 12).

The role of vagal nerve root injury on respiration disturbances in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aim: We examined whether there is a relationship between vagal nerve root injury and the severity of respiration disorders associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Material And Methods: This study was conducted on 20 rabbits. Experimental SAH was induced by injecting homologous blood into the cisterna magna.

Untreated depression in the first trimester of pregnancy leads to postpartum depression: high rates from a natural follow-up study.

Background: This is a natural follow-up study that presents the postpartum results of women who experienced depression during pregnancy.

Methods: This study involved 78 women diagnosed with depression in the first trimester of pregnancy. All patients were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) in the first trimester and all were referred to a psychiatric center for treatment.

Parallel development of choroid plexus degeneration and meningeal inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage - experimental study.

Background: The choroid plexuses (CPs) are brain structures located in the brain ventricles, involved in the production and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) components, cerebral immune surveillance, and various endocrine-enzymatic activities and acts as a CSF-blood barrier. This study investigated to determine if there is a link between ischemic CP injury and meningo-cerebral inflammation processes.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted on 18 rabbits.

The depression in women in pregnancy and postpartum period: A follow-up study.

Aim: This was a follow-up study to determine postpartum depression (PPD) and its causes in a population previously evaluated in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: The study sample consisted of pregnant women who were evaluated in the first trimester and 360 women who were re-evaluated in the postpartum period. Detailed sociodemographic data were obtained from the women, and depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale (EPDS) and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I Disorders (SCID-I).