Ameliorative effects of humic acid and L-tryptophan on enzyme activity, mineral content, biochemical properties, and plant growth of spinach cultivated in saline conditions.

Salinity poses a significant abiotic stress that limits plant productivity, thereby posing a serious threat to agricultural sustainability and worldwide food security. Techniques that can overcome this problem are needed. Recent focus has been placed on employing organic substances like humic acid (HA) and amino acids, including L-tryptophan (L-TRP), to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on cultivated plants.