Beyond GnRH, LH and FSH: The role of kisspeptin on hypothalalmic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis pathology and diagnostic consideration.

Kisspeptin as a neuropeptide was established initially as regulator for gonadotropin-releasing hormone for pulse frequency and intensity. In the current review, initial search on PubMed was done with key word "Kisspeptin" with further filters to include reviews and trials from the last 10 years. Of the 313 articles shortlisted, 160(51%) dealt with kisspeptin pathology and diagnostic evaluation in various physiological conditions like puberty, while 57(18.

Genetic polymorphism in and breast cancer risk.

plays crucial role in excision repair DNA damage induced by UV in NER pathway. Single neuleotide polymorphism in were responsible for different cancers. Therefore, current study evaluated the relationship between (rs1047768 T>C) polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer in Pakistani population.

Comparison of various steady state surrogate insulin resistance indices in diagnosing metabolic syndrome.

Background: Insulin resistance is core cause of metabolic syndrome. Determining insulin resistance is one of the foremost requirements imperative to understanding the pathophysiology of disease. The gold standard "Euglycaemic clamp test" is cumbersome, long and non-feasible in routine clinical setups to diagnose metabolic syndrome.