Radiation-Associated Primary Osteosarcoma of the Breast.

Introduction: Non-epithelial primary mammary osteosarcomas are extremely rare. The differentials include metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes tumour. This is the first published case of primary breast osteosarcoma arising after local radiotherapy.

MRE11 as a Predictive Biomarker of Outcome After Radiation Therapy in Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Organ-confined muscle-invasive bladder cancer is treated with cystectomy or bladder preservation techniques, including radiation therapy. There are currently no biomarkers to inform management decisions and aid patient choice. Previously we showed high levels of MRE11 protein, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), predicted outcome after radiation therapy, but not cystectomy.

Microscopic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a clinical and molecular study of 13 cases.

Aims: Recent literature suggests that clinically silent, microscopic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (micro-GISTs) are common incidental findings. The aim of this study was to examine the histological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of these tumours, which we have defined as measuring ≤20 mm, in order to determine whether the rate and spectrum of mutations are similar to those of clinically symptomatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs).

Methods And Results: Thirteen micro-GISTs identified as incidental findings in patients undergoing management of concomitant disease were tested for KIT/PDGFRA mutations.

Primary prostate sarcoma: how to manage following diagnosis at transurethral resection.

Primary prostate sarcomas are rare, reportedly comprising just 0.7% of all prostate malignancies. Here, we present the case of a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with prostate stromal sarcoma after undergoing a routine transurethral resection of prostate for bladder outflow obstruction.

Genomic complexity of urothelial bladder cancer revealed in urinary cfDNA.

Urothelial bladder cancers (UBCs) have heterogeneous clinical characteristics that are mirrored in their diverse genomic profiles. Genomic profiling of UBCs has the potential to benefit routine clinical practice by providing prognostic utility above and beyond conventional clinicopathological factors, and allowing for prediction and surveillance of treatment responses. Urinary DNAs representative of the tumour genome provide a promising resource as a liquid biopsy for non-invasive genomic profiling of UBCs.

Gleason drift in the NIHR ProtecT study.

Aims: There is increasing evidence of Gleason score (GS) drift in prostatic core biopsies during the last two decades. The ProtecT study is a randomized controlled study and provides an excellent cohort to study the effect of time, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, perineural invasion, tumour length and age on GS.

Methods And Results: The ProtecT study recruited men in the United Kingdom between 1999 and 2010.

A comparison of patient and tumour characteristics in two UK bladder cancer cohorts separated by 20 years.

Objectives: To compare patient and tumour characteristics at presentation from two large bladder cancer cohorts, with recruitment separated by 15-20 years To identify significant differences in the West Midlands' urothelial cancer of the bladder (UCB) population during this period.

Patients And Methods: Data were collected prospectively from 1478 patients newly diagnosed with UCB in the West Midlands from January 1991 to June 1992 (Cohort 1), and from 1168 patients newly diagnosed with UBC within the same region from December 2005 to April 2011 (Cohort 2). Gender, age, smoking history, and tumour grade, stage, type, multiplicity and size at presentation were compared using a Pearson chi-square test or Cochran-Armitage trend test, as appropriate.

T lymphocyte recruitment into renal cell carcinoma tissue: a role for chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR6, CCR5, and CCR6.

Background: Evidence suggests that some patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) respond to immunomodulatory therapies that activate T lymphocytes. A prerequisite for effective T cell therapy is efficient targeting of effector T cells to the tumour site, yet the molecular basis of T cell recruitment to RCC is unknown. Furthermore, some T cells that naturally infiltrate this cancer are regulatory T cells (Tregs) that may suppress antitumour immune responses.

Assessment of high-throughput high-resolution MALDI-TOF-MS of urinary peptides for the detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: There is a need for better biomarkers to both detect bladder cancer and distinguish muscle-invasive (stage T2+) from non-invasive (stage Ta/T1) disease. We assess whether MALDI-TOF-MS of the urine peptidome can achieve this.

Experimental Design: We analysed urine from 751 patients with bladder cancer and 127 patients without bladder cancer.

Neoadjuvant sunitinib facilitates nephron-sparing surgery and avoids long-term dialysis in a patient with metachronous contralateral renal cell carcinoma.

Bilateral Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is an uncommon clinical entity, affecting 3%-6% of patients with localized RCC. Sunitinib has proven efficacy in the management of metastatic RCC (mRCC), however, there is very limited evidence of primary tumor response. With the changing treatment paradigm, the role of sunitinib should be extended to the neoadjuvant setting, to downstage locally advanced primary renal tumors, to facilitate nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), and to select responding patients with mRCC for continuation of treatment after cytoreductive nephrectomy.

Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage as a rare extragonadal presentation of seminoma of testis.

A rare case of a gastric presentation of a seminoma with burned out primary testicular tumor is described. The patient initially presented with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Endoscopic biopsies were suggestive of seminoma, and testicular ultrasound revealed a focal lesion and testicular microcalcification.