Traumatic retroclival hematoma resulting in abducens nerve palsy: illustrative case.

Background: Posttraumatic retroclival hematomas are rare pathologies among pediatric patients and can result in cranial nerve palsies. The authors sought to survey the literature and characterize the risk factors, treatment considerations, and overall outcomes for pediatric patients experiencing posttraumatic retroclival hematomas.

Observations: A search of the Ovid Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from January 1986 to May 2024 was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Atmospheres of influence: the role of journal editors in shaping early climate change narratives.

The role of editorial staff in shaping early climate change narratives has been underexplored and deserves more attention. During the 1970s, the epistemological underpinnings of the production of knowledge on climate change were contested between scientists who favoured computer-based atmospheric simulations and those who were more interested in investigating the long-term history of climatic changes. Although the former group later became predominant in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change during the 1980s, the latter had a sizable influence over climate discourse during the 1970s.

Contemporary Management of Subdural Hematoma.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary management strategies for acute and chronic subdural hematomas, delineating their distinct clinical characteristics, risk factors, etiologies, and treatment paradigms. Through a synthesis of current evidence and emerging trends, this review explores established therapeutic strategies alongside innovative modalities under active investigation. This article equips clinicians with a nuanced understanding of optimal care pathways for both acute and chronic subdural hematomas, thus facilitating improved patient outcomes.

The glomerular circadian clock temporally regulates basement membrane dynamics and the podocyte glucocorticoid response.

Kidney physiology shows diurnal variation, and a disrupted circadian rhythm is associated with kidney disease. However, it remains largely unknown whether glomeruli, the filtering units in the kidney, are under circadian control. Here, we investigated core circadian clock components in glomeruli, together with their rhythmic targets and modes of regulation.

Integrin alpha1 beta1 promotes interstitial fibrosis in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease.

Fibrosis is the cause of end-stage kidney failure in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in fibrosis are complex and anti-fibrotic therapies have so far failed to make an impact on patient welfare. Using unbiased proteomics analysis on the mouse, we found that expression of the integrin α1 subunit is increased in this model of ADPKD.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: patient outcomes and lessons learned over a 3-decade single-center experience.

Objective: The role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is unclear given the rarity of this lesion and the variability in treatment paradigms. This study describes a 3-decade experience with the SRS technique and its outcomes for patients with dAVF.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with dAVF who had undergone single-fraction SRS in the period from 1990 to 2021.

Impact of duration of dual anti-platelet therapy on risk of complications after stent-assisted coiling of unruptured aneurysms.

Background: The optimal duration for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stent-assisted coiling (SAC) of intracranial aneurysms is unclear. Longer-term therapy may reduce thrombotic complications but increase the risk of bleeding complications.

Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively maintained data at 12 institutions was conducted on patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms who underwent SAC between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020, and were followed ≥6 months postprocedure.

Precision treatment of beta-cell monogenic diabetes: a systematic review.

Background: Beta-cell monogenic forms of diabetes have strong support for precision medicine. We systematically analyzed evidence for precision treatments for GCK-related hyperglycemia, HNF1A-, HNF4A- and HNF1B-diabetes, and mitochondrial diabetes (MD) due to m.3243 A > G variant, 6q24-transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TND) and SLC19A2-diabetes.

Triple Aspiration versus Conventional Aspiration Techniques: A Randomized In Vitro Evaluation.

Background And Purpose: A single-aspiration maneuver using a large-volume syringe is a common and effective technique for aspiration thrombectomy. Multiple aspiration cycles using large aspiration syringes have been proposed as a means to improve the efficacy over single aspiration. In this study, we sought to investigate the efficacy of a "triple aspiration technique" in which a large-volume syringe is cycled 3 times before catheter retraction during aspiration thrombectomy.

Online Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Dementia in Brazil and India: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Lessons for Implementation.

Background: Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is an evidence-based, group psychosocial intervention for people with dementia, and it has a positive impact on cognition and quality of life. CST has been culturally adapted for use globally. It was developed as a face-to-face intervention but has recently been adapted for online delivery.

High Prevalence of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in Children with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis: Evidence from the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT).

Background: ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) in adults is characterized by presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), negative islet autoantibodies, and preserved -cell function in persons with a phenotype of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of KPD has not been evaluated in children. We investigated children with DKA at "T2D" onset and determined the prevalence and characteristics of pediatric KPD within this cohort.

FLT4 causes developmental disorders of the cardiovascular and lymphovascular systems via pleiotropic molecular mechanisms.

Aims: Rare, deleterious genetic variants in FLT4 are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. The distinct genetic variants in FLT4 are also an established cause of Milroy disease, the most prevalent form of primary hereditary lymphoedema. The phenotypic features of these two conditions are non-overlapping, implying pleiotropic cellular mechanisms during development.

Implementing genetic testing in diabetes: Knowledge, perceptions of healthcare professionals, and barriers in a developing country.

Introduction: Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is an unusual type of diabetes often missed in clinical practice, especially in Africa. Treatment decisions for MODY depend on a precise diagnosis, only made by genetic testing. We aimed to determine MODY knowledge among Nigerian healthcare professionals (HCPs), their perceptions, and barriers to the implementation of genetic testing in diabetes patients.

Neuromodulation: What the neurointerventionalist needs to know.

Neuromodulation is the alteration of neural activity in the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous systems. Consequently, this term lends itself to a variety of organ systems including but not limited to the cardiac, nervous, and even gastrointestinal systems. In this review, we provide a primer on neuromodulation, examining the various technological systems employed and neurological disorders targeted with this technology.

Safety of the immediate use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after adult craniotomy for tumor.

Objective: Poor pain control has a negative impact on postoperative recovery and patient satisfaction. However, overzealous pain management, particularly with opioids, can confound serial neurological assessments, increase morbidity, and predispose patients to long-term dependence. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in treating postoperative pain and can limit opioid intake, but their use has been limited in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection due to concerns of an increased hemorrhage risk.

Investigator and participant expectations for returning non-genetic results: insights from the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) study.

Objectives/goals: The Rare and Atypical DIAbetes NeTwork (RADIANT) aims to discover the underlying pathoetiology of atypical diabetes by conducting both genotyping and non-genetic deep phenotyping. While the return of genetic test results in research settings has been investigated, the return of non-genetic results (RoR-NG) has received less attention. We explore the RoR-NG with RADIANT investigators and participants.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications in Cranial Neurosurgery: Balancing Opioid-Sparing Analgesia with Bleeding Risk.

Postcraniotomy pain is a common problem frequently encountered by neurosurgeons. This is typically managed with opioids; however, opioids have been shown to increase intracranial pressure by way of hypercapnia and straining from the associated constipation. Additionally, opioids can confound and mask the neurologic examination of postcraniotomy patients, as well as be the nidus for a potential opioid addiction.

Carotid Plaque-RADS: A Novel Stroke Risk Classification System.

Background: Carotid artery atherosclerosis is highly prevalent in the general population and is a well-established risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. Although the morphological characteristics of vulnerable plaques are well recognized, there is a lack of consensus in reporting and interpreting carotid plaque features.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to establish a consistent and comprehensive approach for imaging and reporting carotid plaque by introducing the Plaque-RADS (Reporting and Data System) score.