Association Between HbA1c Levels and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), contributing to visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Understanding the factors associated with the severity of DR is crucial for effective prevention and management. This study aimed to explore the association between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and other parameters with different stages of DR.

Ocular Symptoms Among COVID-19 Positive Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a widespread viral illness, has been linked to a range of respiratory and other systemic symptoms. Along with the respiratory symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), many extrapulmonary manifestations have also been reported. This study was conducted to report the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 in confirmed cases from the Qassim region, of Saudi Arabia.

Pitfalls of Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity Presentation: A Content Analysis of Medical Records.

Purpose: To identify the pitfalls in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening leading to advanced disease at Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A qualitative deductive content analysis was used to study the phenomena of defects in ROP screening. A retrospective review of medical records of newborns presenting to two tertiary eye care centers with advanced ROP (stage 4 and 5) from January 2012 to June 2019 was completed.

Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a major cause of vision loss. Increased awareness of DR is crucial for the prevention and early diagnosis of the disease and preservation of vision. The objective of this study is to assess the level of DR awareness in the Qassim region among type 2 diabetic patients.

Clinical findings and outcomes of uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To describe the clinical findings and outcomes in patients who presented with uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: Retrospective review of 20 patients (38 eyes).

Results: The most frequent ocular finding was multifocal elongated retinal perivenous "sheathing" with focal vascular leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography in 29 eyes followed by vitreous snowballs and debris in 26 eyes, anterior chamber inflammation in 15 eyes, mutton-fat keratic precipitates in 14 eyes, posterior synechiae in 13 eyes, cystoid macular edema in 9 eyes, iris nodules in 4 eyes, and optic neuritis in 3 eyes.

Low flow venous malformation lesion presented with medial canthal swelling simulating swelling of the lacrimal sac origin: A case report.

Low flow venous malformation lesions (e.g. cavernous venous malformations) are commonly seen in the orbit and peri-orbital area.

Ophthalmic Features of Outpatient Children Diagnosed with Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesions by Ophthalmologists.

Introduction: Brain tumors in children often involve the visual system, but most retrospective series are by neurologists or oncologists. In this study we highlight the ophthalmic findings of outpatient children with visual complaints and/or strabismus who, based on ophthalmic examination, were suspected to and confirmed to harbor intracranial space-occupying lesions by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective case series of children (less than 18 years) who for visual complaints and/or strabismus underwent cranial MRI at a referral eye hospital (2005-2012), which revealed intracranial space-occupying lesions.

Macular hole in juvenile X-linked retinoschisis.

An 18 year-old male with no antecedent of trauma, systemic syndrome or myopia was referred for surgical treatment of a full thickness macular hole in the left eye. A more careful inspection revealed discrete foveal cystic changes in the fellow eye and subtle peripheral depigmented retinal pigment epithelial changes in both eyes. A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan confirmed, in addition to the full thickness macular hole in the left eye, microcystic spaces in the nuclear layers of both retinae.