PEGylated iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of Rapamycin.

Rapamycin analogs are approved by the FDA for breast and renal cancer treatment. Hence, the possibility of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of Rapamycin could be examined. In the present study, PEGylated Gold-core shell iron oxide nanoparticles were used for the targeted delivery of Rapamycin, and R-Au-IONPs were formulated.

Social/Emotional Health, Mental Health and Quality of Life among Adults with Comorbid Diabetes and Hypertension: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: West Virginia has a disproportionately large population of rural adults with diabetes and hypertension, two common chronic, comorbid conditions that represent a national economic, social, and public health burden. Anxiety, depression, and severe mental illness are associated with poor motivation to engage in coping/self-care behaviors and related increased morbidity/mortality.

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between self-reported mental health, selected social and emotional health factors, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and clinical outcomes among adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension.

Toxic heavy metals content in different agrochemicals available in markets of Bangladesh and their loads to the agricultural lands.

A study was conducted to determine the concentration of toxic heavy metals in various agrochemicals available in Bangladesh and to assess the burden of these metals on agricultural soils. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure the content of 4 toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni) in the aqueous extract of various agrochemicals. There were significant differences in the amounts of Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni in different brands of insecticides (mean < 0.

Experimental Evolution Studies in Φ6 Cystovirus.

Experimental evolution studies, in which biological populations are evolved in a specific environment over time, can address questions about the nature of spontaneous mutations, responses to selection, and the origins and maintenance of novel traits. Here, we review more than 30 years of experimental evolution studies using the bacteriophage (phage) Φ6 cystovirus. Similar to many lab-studied bacteriophages, Φ6 has a high mutation rate, large population size, fast generation time, and can be genetically engineered or cryogenically frozen, which facilitates its rapid evolution in the laboratory and the subsequent characterization of the effects of its mutations.

Discovery of Quinolinone Hybrids as Dual Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Aβ Aggregation for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.

The development of multitargeted therapeutics has evolved as a promising strategy to identify efficient therapeutics for neurological disorders. We report herein new quinolinone hybrids as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ aggregation that function as multitargeted ligands for Alzheimer's disease. The quinoline hybrids (- were screened for their ability to inhibit AChE, BACE1, amyloid fibrillation, α-syn aggregation, and tau aggregation.

Exploring the interaction of tepotinib with calf thymus DNA using molecular dynamics simulation and multispectroscopic techniques.

In recent times, there has been a surge in the discovery of drugs that directly interact with DNA, influencing gene expression. As a result, understanding how biomolecules interact with DNA has become a major area of research. One such drug is Tepotinib (TPT), an FDA-approved anti-cancer medication known as a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used in chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with MET exon 14 skipping alterations.

Computational and physicochemical insight into 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal induced structural and functional perturbations in human low-density lipoprotein.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a biological process that frequently occurs under physiological conditions. Undue oxidative stress increases the level of LPO; which may further contribute to the development of cancer. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), one of the principal by-products of LPO, is present in high concentrations in oxidatively stressed cells.

Multicomponent Petasis reaction for the identification of pyrazine based multi-target directed anti-Alzheimer's agents: In-silico design, synthesis, and characterization.

Multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) have recently attracted significant interest due to their exceptional effectiveness against multi-factorial Alzheimer's disease. The present work described the development of pyrazine-based MTDLs using multicomponent Petasis reaction for the dual inhibition of tau-aggregation and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE). The molecular structure of synthesized ligands was validated by H & C NMR and mass spectrometry.

Identification of new oxospiro chromane quinoline-carboxylate antimalarials that arrest parasite growth at ring stage.

Malaria still threatens half the globe population despite successful Artemisinin-based combination therapy. One of the reasons for our inability to eradicate malaria is the emergence of resistance to current antimalarials. Thus, there is a need to develop new antimalarials targeting proteins.

Stability of the Aβ42 Peptide in Mixed Solutions of Denaturants and Proline.

Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is responsible for the neuronal damage and death of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ42 oligomeric forms are dominant neurotoxins and are related to neurodegeneration. Their different forms are related to various pathological conditions in the brain.

Healthcare waste in Bangladesh: Current status, the impact of Covid-19 and sustainable management with life cycle and circular economy framework.

COVID-19 has accelerated the generation of healthcare (medical) waste throughout the world. Developing countries are the most affected by this hazardous and toxic medical waste due to poor management systems. In recent years, Bangladesh has experienced increasing medical waste generation with estimated growth of 3 % per year.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Triazole-Pyrimidine Hybrids as Potential Neuroprotective and Anti-neuroinflammatory Agents.

Objective: Neuroprotection is a precise target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Pyrimidine and its derivatives have been proven to use antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity prompting us to study the neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory activity of the triazole-pyrimidine hybrid on human microglia and neuronal cell model.

Methods: A series of novel triazole-pyrimidine-based compounds were designed, synthesized and characterized by mass spectra, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and a single X-Ray diffraction analysis.

Molecular interplay promotes amelioration by quercetin during experimental hepatic inflammation in rodents.

Protein modulation is a process of changing protein structure which is either derived or deliberately induced. This leads to variation in protein activity during protein-protein interactions and can be utilized to understand disease mechanisms or to develop novel therapeutics. In this context, COX-2, iNOS and GST along with basic liver biochemistry were examined in experimentally injured rats and quercetin (QC) supplementation.

Differential role of Pax6 and its interaction with Shh-Gli1-IDH2 axis in regulation of glioma growth and chemoresistance.

Glioma is a major brain tumor, and the associated mortality rate is very high. Contemporary therapies provide a chance of survival for 9-12 months. Therefore, a novel approach is essential to improve the survival rate.

-Guggulsterone Is a Potential Lead Molecule of Dawa-ul-Kurkum against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

An ancient saffron-based polyherbal formulation, Dawa-ul-Kurkum (DuK), has been used to treat liver ailments and other diseases and was recently evaluated for its anticancer potential against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by our research team. To gain further insight into the lead molecule of DuK, we selected ten active constituents belonging to its seven herbal constituents (crocin, crocetin, safranal, jatamansone, isovaleric acid, cinnamaldehyde, coumaric acid, citral, guggulsterone and dehydrocostus lactone). We docked them with 32 prominent proteins that play important roles in the development, progression and suppression of HCC and those involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to identify the binding interactions between them.

Genetic and epigenetic modes of the regulation of somatic embryogenesis: a review.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a mode of stimulated plant cell totipotency wherein embryos form without fertilization either through somatic or vegetative origins. SE has two main phases: induction and a developmental phase. The induction phase comprises cell proliferation and dedifferentiation, whereas the developmental phase involves the differentiation of somatic embryos under appropriate stimuli.

In silico studies of the human IAPP in the presence of osmolytes.

The human islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin is secreted along with insulin by pancreatic islets. Under the drastic environmental conditions, amylin can aggregate to form amyloid fibrils. This amyloid plaque of hIAPP in the pancreatic cells is the cause of type II diabetes.

The inhibitory effect of Sunset Yellow on thermally induced Human Serum Albumin aggregates: Possible role in naturopathy.

Intensive research in the field of protein aggregation confirmed that the deposition of amyloid fibrils of proteins are the major cause for the development of various neurotoxic and neurodegenerative diseases, which could be controlled by ensuring the efficient inhibition of aggregation using anti aggregation strategies. Herein, we elaborated the anti amyloidogenic potential of Sunset Yellow (SY) dye against Human Serum Albumin (HSA) fibrillogenesis utilising different biophysical, computational and microscopic techniques. The inhibitory effect of sunset yellow was confirmed by Rayleigh Light Scattering (RLS) measurements along with different dye binding assays (ANS, ThT and CR) by showing concentration dependent reduction in scattering intensity and fluorescence intensity respectively.

Studying the interaction of scopolamine with calf-thymus DNA: An in-vitro and in-silico approach and genotoxicity.

Scopolamine is used to treat various CNS disorder like urinary incontinence, motion sickness, spasmic movements. Despite its pharmaceutical properties, its interaction with DNA is not yet reported. In this article, the interaction between scopolamine and ct-DNA is reported using a combination of biophysical techniques.

Nature-Derived Hit, Lead, and Drug-Like Small Molecules: Current Status and Future Aspects Against Key Target Proteins of Coronaviruses.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic, the most unprecedented event of the year 2020, has brought millions of scientists worldwide in a single platform to fight against it. Though several drugs are now in the clinical trial, few vaccines are available on the market already, but the lack of an effect of those is making the situation worse.

Aim Of The Study: In this review, we demonstrated comprehensive data of natural antiviral products showing activities against different proteins of Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) that are responsible for its pathogenesis.

Comparative proteomic analysis to annotate the structural and functional association of the hypothetical proteins of S. maltophilia k279a and predict potential T and B cell targets for vaccination.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant bacterium with no precise clinical treatment. This bacterium can be a vital cause for death and different organ failures in immune-compromised, immune-competent, and long-time hospitalized patients. Extensive quorum sensing capability has become a challenge to develop new drugs against this pathogen.

Biophysical characterization of structural and conformational changes in methylmethane sulfonate modified DNA leading to the frizzled backbone structure and strand breaks in DNA.

Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) is a highly toxic DNA-alkylating agent that has a potential to damage the structural integrity of DNA. This work employed multiple biophysical and computational methods to report the MMS mediated structural alterations in the DNA (MMS-DNA). Spectroscopic techniques and gel electrophoresis studies revealed MMS induced exposure of chromophoric groups of DNA; methylation mediated anti→syn conformational change, DNA fragmentation and reduced nucleic acid stability.

Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice.

Ever since the flavonoids and other antioxidants in rice were demonstrated with immense health benefits, much interest has been diverted to study the native indigenous rice landraces. In the present investigation, three pigmented rare Indian rice landraces and two non-pigmented rice varieties were analyzed for their phytoconstituents like total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content and antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical profile was compared between seed, seedling, stem, leaf and root tissues of the different varieties.

Whole proteome screening and identification of potential epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 for vaccine design-an immunoinformatic, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation accelerated robust strategy.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the most cryptic pandemic outbreak of the 21st century, has gripped more than 1.8 million people to death and infected almost eighty six million. As it is a new variant of SARS, there is no approved drug or vaccine available against this virus.