Infectious etiology of intussusception in Indian children less than 2 years old: a matched case-control analysis.

Background: Enteric infections are hypothesized to be associated with intussusception in children. A small increase in intussusception following rotavirus vaccination has been seen in some settings. We conducted post-marketing surveillance for intussusception following rotavirus vaccine, Rotavac introduction in India and evaluated association of intussusception with enteric pathogens.

Development of a Choice-framework for Covid vaccines in India using a multi-criteria decision analysis approach.

Background: Vaccines were crucial in controlling the Covid-19 pandemic. As more vaccines receive regulatory approval, stakeholders will be faced with several options and must make an appropriate choice for themselves. We proposed a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to guide decision-makers in comparing vaccines for the Indian context.

Rotavirus Strain Distribution before and after Introducing Rotavirus Vaccine in India.

In April 2016, an indigenous monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) was introduced to the National Immunization Program in India. Hospital-based surveillance for acute gastroenteritis was conducted in five sentinel sites from 2012 to 2020 to monitor the vaccine impact on various genotypes and the reduction in rotavirus positivity at each site. Stool samples collected from children under 5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea were tested for group A rotavirus using a commercial enzyme immunoassay, and rotavirus strains were characterized by RT-PCR.

Clinicoepidemiological Profile and Genetic Characterization of Circulating Rotavirus Strain among Children < 5 Years Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis in Western Rajasthan, India.

Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile and circulating strains of rotavirus among children less than 5 y of age hospitalized for diarrhea in a tertiary care center of western Rajasthan.

Method: Children < 5 y of age admitted for acute gastroenteritis were recruited in this hospital-based surveillance study. Detailed clinical history and sociodemographic information was collected for all enrolled children.

Epidemiology of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Rotavirus among Children Less than Five Years Old Admitted in Hospital, in North India.

Objectives: To report the data of burden of rotaviral acute gastroenteritis in under-five children from two states post-introduction of the vaccine.

Methods: Children under 5 y of age hospitalized with diarrhea from the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh in north India were recruited in the study. Commercially available ELISA kits were used for testing rotavirus in the collected stool samples.

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Hospitalizations Among Under-5 Children in Northern India.

Objective: To study epidemiological profile, prevalence, and molecular epidemiology of RVGE in hospitalized under-5 children at a tertiary care teaching rural hospital located in sub-Himalayan belt of Northern India.

Methods: This was a hospital-based surveillance study done over 4 y (2016-2019) including under-5 children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Demographic and clinical parameters were recorded in a pre-designed performa.

Epidemiology and Genotype Distribution of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Under-Five Children of South Rajasthan, India.

Objective: To determine the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea and its genotypes distribution among under five children from Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Methods: Hospital-based prospective study among children aged 0-59 mo of age hospitalized due to acute gastroenteritis and assess the clinical and epidemiological profile. Stool samples collected during 2017-2019 from 734 children, were tested by enzyme immune assay (EIA) to identify rotavirus and the samples that were positive were subjected to genotyping using published methods.

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Western Uttar Pradesh, India.

Objective: To establish hospital-based surveillance to identify cases of rotavirus (RV) among children < 5 y of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and to determine the burden and profile of circulating RV genotypes in the region.

Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary level hospital in Bijnor district of western Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2018 to January 2020. The duly filled case reporting forms and specimens of all the enrolled children were transported in cold chain to the referral laboratory at Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore on a monthly basis for testing and storage of stool samples as well as data entry and analysis.

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Objective: To identify cases of rotavirus diarrhea in Uttar Pradesh among children less than 5 y of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis, to study the clinical profile of the cases and to identify the rotavirus genotypes.

Methods: Any child who is 0-59 mo of age who is admitted to the study facility with diarrhea as the presenting complaint were enrolled into the surveillance after obtaining informed consent. Clinical history and sociodemographic information was recorded for all the patients.

Epidemiology of Hospitalized Intussusception Cases from Northern States in India.

Objective: To describe epidemiology of intussusception post-introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.

Methods: Hospital-based active surveillance system was set up in three tertiary care hospitals in Chandigarh and Haryana, India, to enroll children <2 y of age admitted with intussusception as per Brighton Collaboration Level-I criteria. The clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, seasonal trends, and outcome of the illness episodes were described.

Gastroenteritis in Haryana, India Post Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine.

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Haryana post-introduction of rotavirus vaccine. Expanded National rotavirus surveillance network in India reported high burden of rotavirus diarrhea in India. The Government of India introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine made in India by Bharat Biotech in the national immunization programme from 2016 onward along with oral polio vaccine (OPV) and Pentavalent vaccines.

Demographic Profile and Genotypic Distribution of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis from Rural Haryana, India.

Objective: To know the prevalence of rotavirus among hospitalized <5 y children, their demographic profile and genotypic distribution of rotavirus strain from tertiary care center of rural Haryana.

Methods: An observational 3-year study done from June 2016 to June 2019 where children under 5 y of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis were enrolled. Various demographic, environmental, and clinical parameters were assessed.

Rotavirus Diarrhea in Hospitalized Under-5 Children in Madhya Pradesh, India and the Prevalent Serotypes After Vaccine Introduction.

Objective: To report epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis among under-five children hospitalized for acute diarrhea after the introduction of vaccine in Madhya Pradesh.

Methods: Children hospitalized for diarrhea between August 2017 and December 2019 were recruited. Stool sample was collected and shipped to Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore maintaining proper cold chain.

Nutritional Assessment and its Association with Rotavirus Positivity Among Under Five Children Admitted with Diarrhea in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Southern Haryana, India.

Objective: To estimate the burden of undernutrition and its association with rotavirus positivity among under-five children admitted with diarrhea.

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in hospital-setting from February 2016 to January 2020. For all cases who met the eligibility criteria, an informed written consent was obtained from parents/caregivers.

A Hospital-Based Multi-Centric Study to Determine the Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Intussusception in Children < 2 Years in Rajasthan, India.

Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of Intussusception in children aged <2 y after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Universal Immunization Programme of Rajasthan.

Method: This was a hospital-based multi-centric surveillance study conducted at three tertiary care sentinel sites in Rajasthan over a period of 2 y. Children <2 y of age admitted with intussusception as per Brighton's criteria 1 were enrolled.

Post Vaccination Epidemiology and Genotyping of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis at a Tertiary Care Centre of North-East Rajasthan.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea among hospitalized children aged under-five years, to determine the circulating rotavirus genotypes and to know impact rotavirus vaccine on prevalence and severity of rotavirus diarrhea.

Methods: This study was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted over a period of 29 mo (September 2017 through January 2020). Stool samples were collected from children who fall within the age range of 0-59 mo with acute diarrhea attending emergency or needing admission.

Intussusception after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in India.

Background: A three-dose, oral rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) was introduced in the universal immunization program in India in 2016. A prelicensure trial involving 6799 infants was not large enough to detect a small increased risk of intussusception. Postmarketing surveillance data would be useful in assessing whether the risk of intussusception would be similar to the risk seen with different rotavirus vaccines used in other countries.

Rotavirus vaccine impact assessment surveillance in India: protocol and methods.

Introduction: Rotavirus infection accounts for 39% of under-five diarrhoeal deaths globally and 22% of these deaths occur in India. Introduction of rotavirus vaccine in a national immunisation programme is considered to be the most effective intervention in preventing severe rotavirus disease. In 2016, India introduced an indigenous rotavirus vaccine (Rotavac) into the Universal Immunisation Programme in a phased manner.

Delayed vaccination and its predictors among children under 2 years in India: Insights from the national family health survey-4.

Objective: Delayed vaccination increases the susceptibility window for vaccine preventable diseases. Our analysis estimates the proportion of children between 10 and 23 months of age with delayed vaccination in India and the associated socio-demographic, maternal and child related factors.

Methods: We used individual level data from the National Family and Health Survey 4, conducted in 2015-2016.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Indian children < 5 years hospitalized for diarrhoea, 2012 to 2016.

Background: In 2016, the Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC, Bharat Biotech, India) in 4 states of India as part of the Universal Immunization Programme, and expanded to 5 more states in 2017. We report four years of data on rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children < 5 years of age prior to vaccine introduction.

Methods: Children from 7 sites in southern and northern India hospitalized for diarrhoea were recruited between July 2012 and June 2016.

Impact and cost effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in India.

Background: World Health Organization has recommended the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in the childhood immunisation programme of all the countries in the world. In lieu of its introduction in India, there is a need to generate evidence on cost-effectiveness of this vaccine. The current study looks into the impact and cost-effectiveness of PCV vaccine in India.

Safety monitoring of ROTAVAC vaccine and etiological investigation of intussusception in India: study protocol.

Background: ROTAVAC, an indigenous rotavirus vaccine, was introduced in the universal immunization program of India in four states in 2016 and expanded to five more states in 2017. The clinical trial on efficacy of ROTAVAC did not detect an increased risk of intussusception, but the trial was not large enough to detect a small risk. This protocol paper describes the establishment and implementation of a surveillance system to monitor the safety of rotavirus vaccine and investigate the potential infectious etiologies of intussusception.