Mandibular Advancement Devices in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Effects on the Cardiovascular System: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment, hence poor adherence has prompted interest in mandibular advancement devices (MAD) as an alternative. This comprehensive review aimed to explore the effects of MAD therapy on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial function, and its impact on the cardiovascular risk in OSA patients.

Clinical Validation of a Cell-Free DNA Fragmentome Assay for Augmentation of Lung Cancer Early Detection.

Lung cancer screening via annual low-dose computed tomography has poor adoption. We conducted a prospective case-control study among 958 individuals eligible for lung cancer screening to develop a blood-based lung cancer detection test that when positive is followed by a low-dose computed tomography. Changes in genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles (fragmentomes) in peripheral blood reflected genomic and chromatin characteristics of lung cancer.

Uncovering Factors Controlling Reactivity of Metal-TEMPO Reaction Systems in the Solid State and Solution.

Nitroxides find application in various areas of chemistry, and a more in-depth understanding of factors controlling their reactivity with metal complexes is warranted to promote further developments. Here, we report on the effect of the metal centre Lewis acidity on both the distribution of the O- and N-centered spin density in 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) and turning TEMPO from the O- to N-radical mode scavenger in metal-TEMPO systems. We use Et(Cl)Zn/TEMPO model reaction system with tuneable reactivity in the solid state and solution.

Bone Remodeling of Maxilla after Retraction of Incisors during Orthodontic Treatment with Extraction of Premolars Based on CBCT Study: A Systematic Review.

Incisor retraction is often a crucial phase in ongoing orthodontic treatment, with significant implications for alveolar remodeling mechanisms. There are two prevailing theories which seek to explain this. According to the first, teeth move with the bone, while according to the second, teeth move within the bone.

Fundus Autofluorescence Patterns in Subretinal Hemorrhages Associated with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: Submacular hemorrhage (SMH) is a vision-threatening complication of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The exact treatment scheme is not established yet. The aim of the current study was to describe surgical results and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns after pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) + subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) + anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intravitreal tPA + anti-VEGF + sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tamponade and to compare them to intravitreal tPA + anti-VEGF + SF6 in the treatment of SMH in the course of AMD.

PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF SURGICAL SUCCESS WITH THE INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE.

Purpose: To present new morphologic features correlating with functional and anatomical outcomes of the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in full-thickness macular hole.

Methods: A retrospective study of 51 successful and 22 failed full-thickness macular hole surgeries. In all eyes, preoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) or swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) were reviewed.

Full-Thickness Macular Hole in Coats Disease Treated Using the Inverted Internal Limiting Flap Technique.

To report vitrectomy with the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique in a patient with a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) and Coats disease. A case and its long-term findings were analyzed. A 27-year-old patient with Coats disease who was treated 5 years earlier with laser photocoagulation presented with an FTMH.

The Assessment of the Rank of Torque Control during Incisor Retraction and Its Impact on the Resorption of Maxillary Central Incisor Roots According to Incisive Canal Anatomy-Systematic Review.

Background: Root resorption is one of the complications of orthodontic treatment, and has a varied and unclear aetiology.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between upper incisor resorption and contact with the incisive canal and the risk of resorption during orthodontic treatment associated with upper incisor retraction and torque control.

Search Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in PICO.

Dry eye parameters measured with an ocular surface analyzer in eyes after vitrectomy for vitreomacular interface disorders.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) might be caused by multiple ocular surgical interventions. The aim of the study was to estimate the extent of DED in patients undergoing core vitrectomy for vitreoretinal interface disorders.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included patients with 12 months of follow-up after vitrectomy.

Perspectives on dental health and oral hygiene practice from US adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Adolescence is a critical time for adopting health behaviors which continue through adulthood. There is a lack of data regarding perspectives of US adolescents and young adults on their dental health and oral hygiene practice.

Methods: Adolescents and young adults, age 14-24, from MyVoice, a nationwide text message poll of youth.

Vitrectomy in Diabetic Macular Edema:: A Swept-source OCT Angiography Study.

Purpose: The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) has been reported to decrease after anti-VEGF injections in diabetic macular edema (DME) in the long term. This study aimed to present the changes in swept-source OCT angiography after vitrectomy in patients with DME.

Design: Retrospective interventional study.

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series.

Renal cell carcinoma is a type of urologic cancer that has a poor prognosis, with the majority of these being clear cell renal carcinoma. This subset has a tendency to cause disruptions in the cell cycle, making immune checkpoint inhibitors for adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma the predominant pharmacological approach. Despite this, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in this setting is still an area of much research.

Idiopathic epiretinal membranes: postoperative changes in morphology.

Objective: To describe retinal morphology in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and to evaluate factors influencing function at different postoperative times up to 24 months.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: A total of 121 eyes of 117 patients followed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for 24 months.

Vitrectomy with ILM peeling in diabetic macular edema in one eye vs. intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in the second eye: a comparative study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the results of vitrectomy performed in patients' worse eyes with diabetic macular edema to the results of continuous anti-VEGF treatment performed in patients' fellow eyes.

Methods: A retrospective interventional study of 14 patients with diabetic macular edema in both eyes. The better eye was always qualified for aflibercept injections (group 1), and the worse eye was scheduled for vitrectomy (group 2).

Outcomes from the Retrospective Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study on Lamellar Macular Hole Surgery.

Purpose: To analyze the functional and anatomical parameters of lamellar macular hole (LMH) surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling and determine which surgical technique provides the best visual outcome.

Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study on patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for LMH with or without combined phaco-vitrectomy, as well as gas-, air- or BSS-tamponade. Pre- and postoperative examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements for functional comparison and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to determine the contributing anatomical parameters.

Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome.

Purpose: A swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) analysis of vasculature in vitreomacular traction (VMT) before and after surgery as well as 15 months' "watchful waiting" follow-up data.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 38 eyes. Patients were divided into group 1: untreated (20 eyes); group 2: untreated, spontaneous release of traction (4 eyes); and group 3: vitrectomy (14 eyes).

Establishing ADC-Based Histogram and Texture Features for Early Treatment-Induced Changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to assess baseline variability in histogram and texture features derived from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) examinations and to identify early treatment-induced changes to these features in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing definitive chemoradiation. Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III-IV (7 edition) HNSCC were prospectively enrolled on an IRB-approved study to undergo two pre-treatment baseline DW-MRI examinations, performed 1 week apart, and a third early intra-treatment DW-MRI examination during the second week of chemoradiation. Forty texture and six histogram features were derived from ADC maps.

Exploring the beliefs and perceptions of spending time in nature among U.S. youth.

Purpose: The prevalence of poor mental health continues to rise among youth; however, large-scale interventions to improve mental and physical health remain a public health challenge. Time spent in nature is associated with improved health among youth. This study aimed to assess youth experiences with nature and the self-perceived impact on their mental and physical health among a nationwide sample of US youth.

The Effects of Social Distancing Policies on Non-SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Pathogens.

Background: The initial focus of the US public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was the implementation of numerous social distancing policies. While COVID-19 was the impetus for imposing these policies, it is not the only respiratory disease affected by their implementation. This study aimed to assess the impact of social distancing policies on non-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) respiratory pathogens typically circulating across multiple US states.

Discriminating Bacterial and Viral Infection Using a Rapid Host Gene Expression Test.

Objectives: Host gene expression signatures discriminate bacterial and viral infection but have not been translated to a clinical test platform. This study enrolled an independent cohort of patients to describe and validate a first-in-class host response bacterial/viral test.

Design: Subjects were recruited from 2006 to 2016.

Real-time gastrointestinal infection surveillance through a cloud-based network of clinical laboratories.

Acute gastrointestinal infection (AGI) represents a significant public health concern. To control and treat AGI, it is critical to quickly and accurately identify its causes. The use of novel multiplex molecular assays for pathogen detection and identification provides a unique opportunity to improve pathogen detection, and better understand risk factors and burden associated with AGI in the community.

Spontaneous Closure of Full-Thickness Macular Holes.

Purpose: To describe retinal morphology and vision recovery after spontaneous closure of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective, observational study. From a database containing 750 FTMH, we included 23 cases.

Vitrectomy for full thickness macular hole developed during the course of anti-VEGF treatment of type 1 neovascular AMD.

Purpose: To report a case of treatment of a full-thickness macular hole, which appeared after 10 months of anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: The patient was diagnosed as type 1 nAMD. The coexisting vitreomacular traction caused a full thickness macular hole after 10 months of treatment.