Increased apoptosis of host cells and tumor cells in the invasion front of colorectal liver metastases.

Background: The invasion front of colorectal liver metastases is an area of intensive tumor cell-host cell contact.

Materials And Methods: In a xenograft nude mouse model, we analyzed whether apoptosis induction is a prominent feature in this active area, perhaps offering new modalities of therapeutic intervention.

Results: Using global gene expression technology, an over-representation of apoptosis-related biological themes in the invasion front was observed.

Hamstring graft fixation in MPFL reconstruction at the patella using a transosseous suture technique.

Controversy still exists about fixation methods of a hamstring graft to the patella in case of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. This article presents a surgical technique of hamstring tendon graft fixation to the anatomical MPFL insertion on the patella using transosseous sutures. A superficial bony sulcus is created at the anatomical MPFL insertion site on the medial patellar rim with a bur.

How to avoid the risk of intraoperative cartilage damage in anatomic four tunnel double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Double bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is technically demanding. In order to create four anatomical anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bone tunnels many surgeons adopt new ways of tibial and femoral bone tunnel drilling. From surgical experience, these technical changes might increase the risk for intraoperative pitfalls.