p16 positive oropharyngeal small cell cancer: A case report.

Extra-pulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCC) are rare malignancies. Like small cell lung cancer (SCLC), they are aggressive malignancies with dismal prognosis. We here report a case of a middle-aged man who presented with odynophagia and cervical lymphadenopathy.

Development and Assessment of a Novel Composite Pathologic Risk Stratification for Surgically Resected Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Importance: Human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a distinct form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with its own American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. However, pathologic risk stratification for HPV+ OPSCC largely remains based on the experience with HPV-unassociated HNSCC.

Objective: To compare the survival discrimination of traditional pathologic risk stratification for both HPV+ OPSCC and HPV-unassociated HNSCC and derive a novel pathologic risk stratification system for HPV+ OPSCC with improved survival discrimination.

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the Head and Neck: An Evidence-Based Approach.

Objective: To perform an evidence-based review with recommendations that evaluates the indications and utility of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the head and neck.

Methods: The authors searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature. The primary outcome was successful intended use of NPWT, be it for granulation tissue formation, infection control, or complete wound closure.

Laryngeal cancer: Global socioeconomic trends in disease burden and smoking habits.

Objectives/hypothesis: To characterize health burden and determine the associated level of equality of laryngeal carcinoma (LC) burden at a global level.

Methods: One hundred eighty-four countries were organized by socioeconomic status using Human Development Index (HDI) categorizations provided by the United Nations Development Program. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), obtained from The Global Health Data Exchange, were calculated and compared between each HDI category for the period from 1990 to 2015.

Oropharyngeal lymphoma: A US population based analysis.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology and analyze factors determinant of survival in patients with oropharyngeal lymphoma, using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods: 2504 patients with oropharyngeal lymphoma were identified using the most recent SEER database entry from 1976 to 2016. Demographic information, Ann Arbor stage, tumor histopathology and location were collected.

Systemic therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Historical perspectives and recent breakthroughs.

Objectives: Despite dramatic developments in drugs established for other malignancies, historically there have been few novel systemic agents available for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the last decade has observed increased interest in targeted therapies for HNSCC. In 2006, cetuximab became the first major drug for HNSCC to gain Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 3 decades.

Tumor Differentiation as a Prognostic Factor for Major Salivary Gland Malignancies.

Objective The effect of tumor differentiation on prognosis of major salivary gland malignancies is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tumor differentiation on prognosis by stage in patients with major salivary gland malignancies and to analyze which patient factors are associated with tumor differentiation. Study Design and Setting Cross-sectional analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Recent trends in oropharyngeal cancer funding and public interest.

Objectives/hypothesis: The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has increased in the United States. This has been driven by an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive OPC. Our objective is to determine trends in National Institutes (NIH)-supported research funding and public interest in OPC.

Topical agents for oral cancer chemoprevention: A systematic review of the literature.

Objectives/hypothesis: We review the use of topical chemoprevention agents in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD).

Methods: A systematic review of studies on topical chemoprevention agents for oral PMD from 1946 to November 2016 was conducted using the MEDLINE database, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted and analyzed from selected studies including study type, sample size, demographics, treatment length, response rate, follow-up time, adverse effects, and recurrence.

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features and Outcomes.

Objective Although thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are relatively common, malignancies within these lesions are infrequent. As a result, there are no large-scale series describing clinical characteristics. Our objectives were to perform a systematic review of the literature evaluating patient demographics, pathology, management, and prognosis of these patients.

Pediatric Thyroidectomy.

Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate hospital course and associated complications among pediatric patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Study Design and Setting Retrospective database review of the Kids' Inpatient Database (2009, 2012). Methods The Kids' Inpatient Database was evaluated for thyroidectomy patients for the years 2009 and 2012.

Head and Neck Cancer.

Despite a considerable expansion in our therapeutic repertoire for management of other malignancies, mortality from head and neck cancer (HNC) has not significantly improved in recent decades. Upon normalizing National Institutes of Health-awarded R01 and R01-equivalent grants by incidence, thyroid cancer ($214) and HNC ($1329) received the fewest funding dollars. Upon adjusting funding totals by mortality, HNC was 7th out of 9 cancers evaluated ($6138).

PD1/PD-L1 inhibition as a potential radiosensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Immunotherapy targeting the checkpoint PD1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or PDL1 (programmed death ligand 1) has led to advances in the treatment of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The use of such therapies has also been introduced into the treatment of other malignancies, including head and neck cancer. The combined effects of checkpoint inhibitors and anti-PD1(L1) antibodies and radiation therapy have not yet been sufficiently investigated.

Perioperative considerations and complications in pediatric parathyroidectomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate perioperative considerations and post-operative complications associated with parathyroidectomy in the pediatric population.

Methods: The Kids' Inpatient Database 21 (KID) was searched for patients who underwent parathyroidectomy in 2009 and 2012. Patient demographics, hospital stay, associated charges, and post-operative adverse sequelae were evaluated in all patients and included patient comorbidity and additional procedure requirement analysis.

Mobile applications and patient education: Are currently available GERD mobile apps sufficient?

Objectives/hypothesis: Despite the increasing role of mobile applications (apps) in patient education, there has been little inquiry evaluating the quality of these resources. Because poor health literacy has been associated with inferior health outcomes, evaluating the quality of patient education materials takes on great importance. Our objective was to employ validated readability tools for the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) mobile apps.

A critical analysis of melanoma malpractice litigation: Should we biopsy everything?

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors raised in malpractice litigation related to the diagnosis and management of melanoma and to further assess issues impacting outcome.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: The Westlaw legal database was searched for malpractice litigation resolved over the last 20 years relating to melanoma.

Unresectable Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of the Neck: Early Tumor Response to Chemoradiotherapy.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) rarely occurs in the head and neck and is generally managed with primary surgery. To our knowledge, no cases of unresectable EMC of the neck have been reported. We present a case of an unresectable EMC treated with chemotherapy and radiation, and highlight the exceptional early response to therapy.

Diagnosing allergic rhinitis: effectiveness of the physical examination in comparison to conventional skin testing.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of physical examination alone in diagnosing nasal allergic patients.

Design: A cross-sectional study of 15 consecutive evaluable patients.

Setting: A tertiary care otolaryngology clinic at the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal.

Risk factors for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with thyroid nodular disease.

Objectives: Evaluate current accepted risk factors for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and develop a predictive model to determine one's risk of malignancy given a thyroid nodule.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of 600 patients.

Subjects And Methods: Patients with benign thyroid nodular disease and with well-differentiated thyroid cancer were randomly selected.

Should foot surgery be performed for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

The authors conducted a retrospective study to determine the outcome of foot surgery in full-time wheelchair users with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Medical records on all 88 teenaged boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy treated at the authors' institution were obtained and reviewed. Patients completed questions about shoe wear, pain, hypersensitivity, and cosmesis, and a foot examination was performed.

Management and outcome of recurrent well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The AMES (age, distant metastasis, tumor extent, and size), AGES (age, tumor size, histologic grade, tumor extent, distant metastasis), and MACIS (distant metastasis, age, completeness of primary tumor resection, local invasion, and tumor size) prognostic systems for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) are well known. The development of disease recurrence is associated with a poor outcome; however, the prognostic importance of multiple treatment failures has not been clearly reported.

Objectives: To identify patient, tumor, and treatment factors that may be associated with the development of multiple recurrences in WDTC.

Steroid treatment and the development of scoliosis in males with duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Background: Scoliosis due to progressive muscle weakness occurs in almost all males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and it progresses relentlessly. Previous studies have shown that corticosteroid treatment slows the decline in muscle strength and stabilizes muscle strength in patients with this disease. We hypothesized that steroids may also attenuate the development of scoliosis.