Neutrophils cultured ex vivo from CD34 stem cells are immature and genetically tractable.

Background: Neutrophils are granulocytes with essential antimicrobial effector functions and short lifespans. During infection or sterile inflammation, emergency granulopoiesis leads to release of immature neutrophils from the bone marrow, serving to boost circulating neutrophil counts. Steady state and emergency granulopoiesis are incompletely understood, partly due to a lack of genetically amenable models of neutrophil development.

A network physiology approach to oxygen saturation variability during normobaric hypoxia.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the physiological interpretation of fluctuations observed during normobaric hypoxia in healthy individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? There is a significant flow of information between and other cardio-respiratory time series during graded hypoxia. Analysis of the pattern of variations has potential for non-invasive assessment of the engagement of respiratory control system in health and disease.

Abstract: Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation ( ) exhibits a complex pattern of fluctuations during hypoxia.