Renoprotective effect of liraglutide on diabetic nephropathy by modulation of Krüppel-like transcription factor 5 expression in rats.

Objectives: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious consequence of diabetes that can develop through the lysophosphatidic acid axis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the antidiabetic drug liraglutide can slow the development of diabetic kidney damage by altering the lysophosphatidic acid axis via KLF5.

Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into nondiabetic and diabetic rats (resulting from an intraperitoneal streptozotocin dose of 30 mg/kg and a high-fat diet).

Genetic Polymorphisms of and Genes and Smoking Susceptibility in the Saudi Population.

Background/objective/methods: Glutathione-S-transferase Mu1 () and glutathione peroxidase 1 () are known antioxidant enzymes that help protect cells from the oxidative damage that occurs from smoking. This study explored the correlation between and levels between a group of smokers with the and genes in the Saudi population and a control group and investigated the genetic risk factors in the group of smokers.

Results: The control and smokers' group ( = 50; aged 22.

Enteral Nutrition Prescription in Children and Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Gaps in Current Gastroenterology Practice in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Evidence for the effectiveness of enteral nutrition (EN) for the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well-established. However, there is considerable global variation in EN practices. This study aimed to characterize the practices and perceptions of gastroenterologists regarding the use of EN in patients with IBD in one of the largest countries in the Gulf region.