Revolutionizing Immunotherapy: Unveiling New Horizons, Confronting Challenges, and Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers in CAR-T Cell-Based Gene Therapies.

The CAR-T cell therapy has marked the dawn of new era in the cancer therapeutics and cell engineering techniques. The review emphasizes on the challenges that obstruct the therapeutic efficiency caused by cell toxicities, immunosuppressive tumor environment, and decreased T cell infiltration. In the interest of achieving the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of patients, the conceptual background of potential target selection and various CAR-T cell design techniques are described which can minimize the off-target effects, reduce toxicity, and thus increase the resilience of CAR-T cell treatment in the haematological malignancies as well as in solid tumors.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Related to HIV/AIDS Among the Population With Increasing Incidence Rate.

Introduction Lack of awareness and negative attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are key barriers to minimizing the transmission of HIV. Therefore, the present survey-based study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and attitudes toward PLWHA. Methods In the present study, we collected data from 612 Kyrgyz national participants using a self-administered questionnaire.

The Management of Plaque Psoriasis With Halobetasol and Tacrolimus Combination Therapy Versus Calcipotriol Monotherapy: A Case Report.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory, immune-mediated, persistent, and multifactorial skin disease. Chronic plaque psoriasis is the most common clinical form of psoriasis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a primary role in the pathogenicity of this disease.

Role of metabolizing MTHFR gene polymorphism (rs1801133) and its mRNA expression among Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 Diabetes is a glucose metabolic disorder occurred by insulin insensitivity in which folate metabolism plays an important role. it is believed that polymorphism of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, results are conflicted.

HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients with HIV and HIV-TB Coinfection After Failure of First-Line Therapy: A Prevalence Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Introduction: The present study aimed to report the prevalent HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations in patients with HIV-1 alone and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection alone to improve our understanding of the mutation patterns and aid treatment decisions.

Methods: Patients with HIV-1 and HIV-TB on treatment for more than 1 year with suspected failure were recruited. Sequencing of protease and two-thirds of the region of reverse transcriptase gene was done for drug-resistant mutations.

Higher Frequency of HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Increased Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Mutations among the HIV-1 Positive Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve patients Coinfected With Compared With Only HIV Infection in India.

Background: Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy is a serious problem in clinical management of HIV/AIDS. Risk factors for appearance of drug resistance mutations are not known. We hypothesize that infection may contribute to rapid emergence of such mutations in antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients.

Nevirapine versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy regimens in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV and tuberculosis infections in India: a pilot study.

Background: Administration of rifampicin along with nevirapine reduces the plasma concentration of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals with concomitant tuberculosis (HIV-TB patients). Nevirapine is a much cheaper drug than its alternative efavirenz, and might be beneficial in resource constrained settings.

Methods: A randomised open label trial was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.