Publications by authors named "Nawabi J"
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) are key imaging markers of primary and secondary brain injury in hemorrhagic stroke. Accurate segmentation and quantification of ICH and PHE can help with prognostication and guide treatment planning. In this study, we combined Swin-Unet Transformers with nnU-NETv2 convolutional network for segmentation of ICH and PHE on non-contrast head CTs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale And Objectives: Training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) requires large datasets with labeled data, which can be very labor-intensive to prepare. Radiology reports contain a lot of potentially useful information for such tasks. However, they are often unstructured and cannot be directly used for training.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalyzing the TotalSegmentator for facial feature removal in head CT scans.
Radiography (Lond)
January 2025
Background: Facial recognition technology in medical imaging, particularly with head scans, poses privacy risks due to identifiable facial features. This study evaluates the use of facial recognition software in identifying facial features from head CT scans and explores a defacing pipeline using TotalSegmentator to reduce re-identification risks while preserving data integrity for research.
Methods: 1404 high-quality renderings from the UCLH EIT Stroke dataset, both with and without defacing were analysed.
Background: Medial intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICAC) are associated with impaired vascular physiology, increased arterial stiffness and pulse pressure. Their presence might therefore be associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion, according to the avalanche model. We explored the association between ICAC presence and pattern and hematoma expansion (HE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This observational study aims to provide a detailed clinical and imaging characterization/workup of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) due to either an underlying metastasis (mICH) or brain tumor (tICH) lesion.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single-center study, evaluating patients presenting with occult ICH on initial CT imaging, classified as tICH or mICH on follow-up MRI imaging according to the H-Atomic classification. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were reviewed.
Article Synopsis
- * Data from 459 patients with vessel perforation showed a 90-day mortality rate of 51.9%, with only 16.3% achieving a favorable recovery (mRS 0-2).
- * The findings indicate that large vessel perforation leads to worse outcomes, while thrombolysis doesn’t worsen prognoses; quick management of bleeding is crucial for survival.
Article Synopsis
- A study evaluated the effectiveness of open-source large language models (LLMs) in extracting clinical data from unstructured mechanical thrombectomy reports for ischemic stroke patients.
- Three models (Mixtral, Qwen, BioMistral) were tested using data from two institutions, showing varying performance in precision and recall for clinical data categories.
- The findings suggest that LLMs, especially when combined with a human-in-the-loop approach, can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of clinical data extraction, with time savings of around 65.6% per case.
Article Synopsis
- Hematoma volume significantly impacts functional outcomes in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), with the study focusing on its relationship with neurological deficits at admission.
- A retrospective analysis of 338 patients revealed that NIHSS scores at admission mediated a portion of the variance in outcomes related to different ICH volumes, explaining 30% for smaller volumes and 14% for larger ones.
- Key findings suggest that larger ICH volumes and specific locations in the brain are linked to worsening neurological conditions, while factors like younger age and lower ICH volumes promote recovery, highlighting the need for considering additional factors beyond NIHSS for patient prognosis.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined factors predicting severe hematoma expansion (sHE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using a data set from multiple countries, finding that 15.2% of the 1,472 patients experienced sHE.
- - Key predictors of sHE included older age, anticoagulant treatment, Glasgow Coma Scale score, time from onset to imaging, and baseline ICH volume, along with specific NCCT and CTA imaging markers.
- - The findings suggest that sHE is relatively common in ICH cases and can be anticipated using a combination of clinical factors and imaging results, potentially aiding in treatment decisions and future research.
Article Synopsis
- Most intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) studies measure outcomes at 3 months, but recovery can continue for up to a year; this study aims to identify factors that predict functional improvement from 3 to 12 months post-ICH.
- A retrospective analysis of 703 patients showed that 34.9% died within 3 months, and among survivors, some improved while others remained stable or worsened, with factors such as older age and baseline disability linked to poorer outcomes.
- The study concludes that long-term recovery after ICH is influenced by age, initial functional status, and hematoma location, which could help guide future research and clinical assessments.
Article Synopsis
- - Researchers studied patients with brain injuries in the lower brain area to find out what factors could lead to a worsening condition called hematoma expansion (HE), which is when bleeding in the brain gets worse.
- - They looked at 175 patients and found that 21.7% had HE, and those with HE were more likely to have certain signs on their brain scans and higher chances of dying within 90 days.
- - The study concluded that if patients showed specific signs and came to the hospital quickly, it could help predict the risk of HE and the chances of survival after brain bleeding events.
Background And Objectives: Hematoma expansion (HE) is a major determinant of neurologic deterioration and poor outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and represents an appealing therapeutic target. We analyzed the prognostic effect of different degrees of HE.
Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients with ICH admitted at 8 academic institutions in Italy, Germany, Canada, China, and the United States.
Article Synopsis
- This study looked at how well a new computer program can help doctors find and understand brain bleeding from inside the brain (ICH).
- They tested the program on data from over 1,000 patients and saw that it did a good job even before and after they improved it.
- The study showed that where the bleeding happens affects how well the program works, and that retraining the program helped it perform even better for certain types of brain bleeding.
Objectives: Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers are robust predictors of parenchymal hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated whether NCCT features can also identify ICH patients at risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) growth.
Methods: Patients with acute spontaneous ICH admitted at four tertiary centers in Germany and Italy were retrospectively included from January 2017 to June 2020.
Background And Purpose: Neoplastic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be incorrectly identified as non-neoplastic ICH on imaging. Relative perihematomal edema (relPHE) on computed tomography (CT) has been proposed as a marker to discriminate neoplastic from non-neoplastic ICH but has not been externally validated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminatory power of relPHE in an independent cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection which can affect the central nervous system. In this study, we sought to investigate associations between neuroimaging findings with clinical, demographic, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters, pre-existing conditions and the severity of acute COVID-19.
Materials And Methods: Retrospective multicenter data retrieval from 10 university medical centers in Germany, Switzerland and Austria between February 2020 and September 2021.
Background and Purpose: Fully automated methods for segmentation and volume quantification of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (ICH), intraventricular hemorrhage extension (IVH), and perihematomal edema (PHE) are gaining increasing interest. Yet, reliabilities demonstrate considerable variances amongst each other. Our aim was therefore to evaluate both the intra- and interrater reliability of ICH, IVH and PHE on ground-truth segmentation masks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Noncontrast computed tomography hypodensities are a validated predictor of hematoma expansion (HE) in intracerebral hemorrhage and a possible alternative to the computed tomography angiography (CTA) spot sign but their added value to available prediction models remains unclear. We investigated whether the inclusion of hypodensities improves prediction of HE and compared their added value over the spot sign.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted for primary spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at the following 8 university hospitals in Boston, US (1994-2015, prospective), Hamilton, Canada (2010-2016, retrospective), Berlin, Germany (2014-2019, retrospective), Chongqing, China (2011-2015, retrospective), Pavia, Italy (2017-2019, prospective), Ferrara, Italy (2010-2019, retrospective), Brescia, Italy (2020-2021, retrospective), and Bologna, Italy (2015-2019, retrospective).
Objective: To identify facilitators and barriers and derive concrete measures towards better workplace integration of migrants working in the German healthcare sector.
Design: Two-centre cross-sectional quantitative online survey of experiences of discrimination among healthcare professionals with a migration history in two large German university hospitals.
Participants: 251 participants fully completed the questionnaires.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers studied how well different doctors could identify signs in brain scans that might show if there's bleeding getting worse in patients.
- They looked at the results from three doctors with different experience levels and found that even the less experienced doctors did quite well at recognizing these signs.
- Overall, the study showed that the markers in the scans can be helpful in predicting whether the bleeding in the brain will get worse, which is important for treatment.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with ischemic stroke and low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), focusing on how early lesion water uptake (NWU) affects functional outcomes.
- Researchers analyzed 254 patients, finding that those with low NWU had a significantly higher rate of favorable outcomes post-MT compared to those with high NWU.
- The results suggest that NWU could be a valuable imaging biomarker for predicting the success of MT in low ASPECTS patients, indicating that certain patients may not benefit from the procedure.
Background: Hematoma expansion (HE) is an appealing therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) features are promising predictors of HE.
Aims: We investigated whether onset-to-CT time influences the diagnostic performance of NCCT markers for HE.
Methods: Retrospective multicentre analysis of patients with primary ICH.
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how MRI and special tools called QReports can help doctors diagnose and understand multiple sclerosis (MS) better.
- They reviewed different QReports to see how well they work and if they have been tested properly.
- They found that while some tools were well-tested, many haven't been checked enough by doctors who actually use them in real situations.