Precision medicine and patient outcomes in intensive care unit: Culture sensitivity, antibiotics, and APACHE score IV.

Background: In the intensive care unit (ICU), complex medical conditions require specialized care; the threat of antibiotic resistance is significant due to frequent antibiotic use. This study investigates the pivotal role of culture sensitivity testing in shaping antibiotic prescription practices and patient outcomes in ICUs.

Materials And Methods: By using a prospective observational-analytical design, medical data from 640 patients at a Karachi hospital for one year in 2022 were utilized.

Etiologic Diagnosis of Genetic Hearing Loss in an Ethnically Diverse Deafness Cohort.

Introduction: Hearing loss is a common sensory disorder that impacts patients across the lifespan. Many genetic variants have been identified that contribute to non-syndromic hearing loss. Yet, genetic testing is not routinely administered when hearing loss is diagnosed, particularly in adults.

Fine particulate matter from brick kilns site and roadside in Lahore, Pakistan: Insight into chemical composition, oxidative potential, and health risk assessment.

Background: Human health is seriously threatened by particulate matter (PM) pollution, which is a major environmental problem. A better indicator of biological responses to PM exposure than its mass alone is the PM "oxidative potential (OP)," or ability to oxidize target molecules. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the OP in excess of the antioxidant capacity of body due to PM components such metals and organic species, it causes inflammation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and lipids damage.

Bibliometric Evaluation of the 100 Top-Cited Articles on Anesthesiology.

This review is a bibliometric analysis based on anesthesiology, which is a medical specialty that deals with a patient's complete preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. The objective of the review attempts to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most top-cited articles on anesthesiology. The meta-data of the study were collected from the Core Collection of Web of Science database.

Corrigendum: Targeting thymidylate synthase enhances the chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer towards 5-FU-based combinatorial therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.

Association of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation With All-Cause Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented global health challenges, with its impact extending beyond respiratory manifestations to encompass cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. Dysrhythmias in COVID-19 are multifactorial, ranging from direct myocardial insult due to the cytokine storm to metabolic derangements. Objective In this study, we aim to examine the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation and to study its association with all-cause mortality of COVID-19.

Chemosensory function recovery in COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine whether subjects who have recovered from COVID-19 smell and taste disturbance perform similarly to their COVID-naïve baseline, on gold-standard smell and taste tests.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: University of Miami Department of Otolaryngology in Miami, FL between September 2021, and August 2022.

Adipocyte Na, K-ATPase Signaling Attenuates Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy.

Oxidative stress has been shown to cause an alteration of intracellular signaling in adipocytes that may lead to various comorbidities of obesity and cardiovascular complications. Evidence suggests that dysregulation of Na, K-ATPase signaling can contribute to systemic inflammation and redox signaling that leads to various metabolic disturbances. Hence the present study aims to explore the specific role of adipocyte Na, K-ATPase signaling in the amelioration of pathophysiological alterations of experimental uremic cardiomyopathy.

Inhibition of Na/K-ATPase signaling Attenuates Steatohepatitis and Atherosclerosis in Mice Fed a Western Diet.

We have previously reported that the α1 subunit of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K-ATPase), acts as a receptor and an amplifier for reactive oxygen species, in addition to its distinct pumping function. On this background, we speculated that the blockade of Na/K-ATPase-induced ROS amplification with a specific peptide, pNaKtide, might attenuate the development of steatohepatitis. To test this hypothesis, pNaKtide was administered to a murine model of NASH: the C57Bl6 mouse fed a "western" diet containing high amounts of fat and fructose.

TYMS promotes genomic instability and tumor progression in Ink4a/Arf null background.

We previously showed that elevated TYMS exhibits oncogenic properties and promotes tumorigenesis after a long latency, suggesting cooperation with sequential somatic mutations. Here we report the cooperation of ectopic expression of human TYMS with loss of Ink4a/Arf, one of the most commonly mutated somatic events in human cancer. Using an hTS/Ink4a/Arf genetically engineered mouse model we showed that deregulated TYMS expression in Ink4a/Arf null background accelerates tumorigenesis and metastasis.

First-in-class multifunctional TYMS nonclassical antifolate inhibitor with potent in vivo activity that prolongs survival.

Although thymidylate synthase (TYMS) inhibitors have served as components of chemotherapy regimens, the currently available inhibitors induce TYMS overexpression or alter folate transport/metabolism feedback pathways that tumor cells exploit for drug resistance, limiting overall benefit. Here we report a small molecule TYMS inhibitor that i) exhibited enhanced antitumor activity as compared with current fluoropyrimidines and antifolates without inducing TYMS overexpression, ii) is structurally distinct from classical antifolates, iii) extended survival in both pancreatic xenograft tumor models and an hTS/Ink4a/Arf null genetically engineered mouse tumor model, and iv) is well tolerated with equal efficacy using either intraperitoneal or oral administration. Mechanistically, we verify the compound is a multifunctional nonclassical antifolate, and using a series of analogs, we identify structural features allowing direct TYMS inhibition while maintaining the ability to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase.

Predictors for reactogenicity and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following infection and mRNA vaccination: A regularized, mixed-effects modelling approach.

Introduction: The influence of pre-existing humoral immunity, inter-individual demographic factors, and vaccine-associated reactogenicity on immunogenicity following COVID vaccination remains poorly understood.

Methods: Ten-fold cross-validated least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate symptoms experienced by COVID+ participants during natural infection and following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination along with demographics as predictors for antibody (AB) responses to recombinant spike protein in a longitudinal cohort study.

Results: In previously infected individuals (n=33), AB were more durable and robust following primary vaccination when compared to natural infection alone.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) of PM in Lahore, Pakistan.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are an emerging pollutant and source of oxidative stress. Samples of PM were collected at the urban sites of Lahore in both winter and summertime of 2019. The chemical composition of PM, EPRF concentration, OH radical generation, and risk assessment of EPFRs in PM were evaluated.

The Effects of Corticotomy and Piezocision in Orthodontic Canine Retraction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: There have been many studies and experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of dental treatment. Maxillary canine extraction is such a dental treatment which can be performed through either alveolar corticotomy (AC) or piezocision (PZ). The current study aims to compare the effectiveness of these two types of dental procedures.

Thymidylate synthase accelerates Men1-mediated pancreatic tumor progression and reduces survival.

Clinical studies of cancer patients have shown that overexpression or amplification of thymidylate synthase (TS) correlates with a worse clinical outcome. We previously showed that elevated TS exhibits properties of an oncogene and promotes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) with a long latency. To study the causal impact of elevated TS levels in PanNETs, we generated a mouse model with elevated human TS (hTS) and conditional inactivation of the Men1 gene in pancreatic islet cells (hTS/Men1-/-).

Alginate/aloe vera films reinforced with tragacanth gum.

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of incorporation of varying concentrations (2% to 14%) of Tragacanth gum (TG) to alginate/aloe vera composite films to enhance their functional properties. The resulting films were investigated for their mechanical, barrier, optical properties and biodegradability. The WVP, swelling capacity and thickness of films increased significantly by the addition of TG while film solubility was dropped at higher concentration of TG.

Electrochemical detection of mercuric(ii) ions in aqueous media using glassy carbon electrode modified with synthesized tribenzamides and silver nanoparticles.

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and mercuric ion detection ability of novel tribenzamides having flexible and rigid moieties. -{4-[2-(1,3-Benzoxazolyl)]phenyl}-3,5-,'-bis(4-alkyloxybenzoyl)benzamides (TBa-TBc) were synthesized from newly synthesized diamine, -(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl-phenyl)-3,5-diaminobenzamide (BODA) and -alkoxybenzoic acids (-ABA) by amidation reaction. Structural characterization of the synthesized compounds was done through spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and NMR).

Formulation development of directly compressible mebevarine tablets using superdisintegrant: A way to investigate quality atributes, in vitro release kinetics and stability profile.

In order for preparing a solid oral dosage form, tablet quality is of significant concern. Compressibility behavior of different powders and mixtures of formulations and release pattern of any tablets are characteristic measures to define prerequisite quality attributes of any compressed formulations. There are basically two major methods that can be adopted for the preparation of tablets including granulation and direct compression.

The Role of Tranexamic Acid in the Management of an Acutely Hemorrhaging Patient.

Acute hemorrhage, both traumatic and nontraumatic, leads to significant morbidity and mortality, both in the United States and globally. Traditional treatment of acute hemorrhage is focused on hemostasis and blood product replacement. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that may reduce acute hemorrhage through inhibition of plasminogen.

Targeting Thymidylate Synthase Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Towards 5-FU-Based Combinatorial Therapy.

Background: The ongoing treatment modalities for breast cancer (BC) primarily rely on the expression status of ER, PR and HER-2 receptors in BC tissues. Our strategy of chemosensitization provides new insights to counter chemoresistance, a major obstacle that limits the benefits of chemotherapy of mammary cancers.

Methods: By utilizing a murine breast cancer model employing NSG mice bearing orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts, we have evaluated the ability of phytochemical curcumin in chemosensitizing BC to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy and the differential modulations of cellular events in response to this strategy, independent of their receptor status.

Mentorship in anesthesia: A perspective survey among anesthesia residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Context: Mentorship is an integral part of the professional and academic growth; however, the position of mentorships in anesthesia is still yet to be understood. As an attempt to understand this phenomenon, we targeted Riyadh Anesthesiology residents and program directors to explore their perception of mentorship relationships.

Aims: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of mentorship in anesthesiology training and to assess the perspective of mentorship from anesthesiology residents.

Water chestnut, rice, corn starches and sodium alginate. A comparative study on the physicochemical, thermal and morphological characteristics of starches after dry heating.

Water chestnut (Trapa bispniosa), rice and corn starch were modified with sodium alginate and subjected to dry heating for 0,2 and 4 h for at 130 °C. The physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties of native as well as modified starches were determined. Thermal and morphological properties were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).