Richer than previously probed: An application of H NMR reveals one hundred metabolites using only fifty microliter serum.

The classical approach restricts the detection of metabolites in serum samples by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; however, the presence of copious proteins and lipoproteins emphasize and necessitate the development of a contemporary, high-throughput tactic. To eliminate the lipoproteins and proteins from sera to engender filtered sera (FS), the study was executed with 50 μl serum obtained from five healthy individuals with 5 years of age difference from 25 to 45 years old and the application of a unique mechanical filter with molecular weight cut-off value of 2KDa. The 10 μl FS from each individual was pooled to make 50 μl final volume filled in a co-axial tube for acquisition of a battery of 1D/2D investigations at 800 MHz NMR spectrometer and the assigned metabolites was confirmed through mass spectrometry as well as by comparing H NMR spectra of individual metabolites.

Evaluation of prostate cancer tissue metabolomics: would clinics utilise it for diagnosis?

The difficulty of diagnosing prostate cancer (PC) with the available biomarkers frequently leads to over-diagnosis and overtreatment of PC, underscoring the need for novel molecular signatures. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the currently available cellular metabolomics for PC molecular signatures. A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to find studies published between January 2004 and August 2022 that reported biomarkers for PC detection, development, aggressiveness, recurrence and treatment response.

Relevance of emerging metabolomics-based biomarkers of prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Prostate cancer (PC) presents great challenges in early diagnosis and often leads to unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over diagnosis and treatment, thus highlighting the need for promising early diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of chronologically existing metabolomics PC biomarkers, their potential to improve clinical PC diagnosis and to reduce the proliferation and monitoring of PC. The systematic research was conducted on PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to report PC biomarkers.

Metabolomics of prostate cancer: Knock-in versus knock-out prostate.

Several metabolomics-derived biomarkers of prostate cancer (PC) have been reported with pre-radical prostatectomy (RP) (knock-in PC) conditions; however, uncontested PC biomarkers panel appraisal and investigation of correlative evidence of these measures is lacking through post-RP (knock-out PC). We sought to explore patients' filtered serum-based metabolomics derived signature measures in knock-in PC (n = 90) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multiple rigorous statistical analyses, and to develop the correlative evidence of these measures through knock-out PC (n = 90) follow-up on the 15th and 30th days. The glutamate, citrate and glycine were observed as hallmarks of PC.

NMR-derived targeted serum metabolic biomarkers appraisal of bladder cancer: A pre- and post-operative evaluation.

With high morbidity and mortality, urinary bladder cancer (BC) ranks fifth among common cancers globally. The inherent limitations of urine cytology and cystoscopy, and marginal enhancements in the rate of survival promt us to develop surrogate serum based metabolic biomarkers of screening, identification, and follow-up protocols of management for BC patients. Earlier, we exhibited that abnormal expression levels of dimethylamine (DMA), malonate, lactate, glutamine, histidine, and valine in serum may be used as signature metabolites to differentiate BC from healthy controls (HC) (J.

Role of metabolomics-derived biomarkers to identify renal cell carcinoma: a comprehensive perspective of the past ten years and advancements.

: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and a leading cause of utmost mortality among men globally. In spite of extensive development in technology for biomarker discovery during the last 10 years, the currently used clinical biomarkers are still unable to detect RCC at early and progression stages. Hence, the development of new and precise biomarkers is most important to improve the clinical management of RCC and reduce the level of mortality.

Relevance of MIC-1 in the Era of PSA as a Serum Based Predictor of Prostate Cancer: A Critical Evaluation.

To reduce the ambiguity of contradictory observations in different studies regarding the expression level of Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1) in serum in prostate cancer (PC), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy controls (HC), we designed this double-blind study. The study comprises 240 sera from PC, BPH and HC subjects. The expression level of MIC-1 in PC, BPH and HC were appraised using Western blot (WB) and ELISA based approach.

Serum-based protein biomarkers of bladder cancer: A pre- and post-operative evaluation.

Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with alarming mortality. Shortcomings of urine cytology and cystoscopy and sparse improvements in the survival rate prompt us to evolve surrogate serum based protein biomarkers to identify BC at an early stage. Previously, we showed that aberrant expression of S100A4, S100A8, S100A9, carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) and Annexin V proteins in pre-operative BC serum compared to healthy controls (HC) (Clin Chim Acta, 2014; 36: 97-103).

Proteometabolomics of bladder cancer: current and future prospects.

Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is fifth most common cancer worldwide; the diagnostic methods are mostly instrumental approaches including cystoscopy and cytology. Since BC recurrence rate is high, consequently requires long-term follow-up. The molecular assays that can precisely identify BC at an early stage are obligatory.

Low- and high-grade bladder cancer appraisal via serum-based proteomics approach.

Objective: To address the shortcomings of urine cytology and cystoscopy for screening and grading of urinary bladder cancer (BC) we applied a serum-based proteomics approach as a surrogate tactic for rapid BC probing.

Methods: This study was performed on 90 sera samples comprising of low-grade (LG, n=33) and high-grade (HG, n=32) BC, and healthy controls (HC, n=25). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) tactic was executed to describe serum proteome.

Low- and high-grade bladder cancer determination via human serum-based metabolomics approach.

To address the shortcomings of urine cytology and cystoscopy for probing and grading urinary bladder cancer (BC), we applied (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a surrogate method for the identification of BC. This study includes 99 serum samples comprising low-grade (LG; n = 36) and high-grade (HG; n = 31) BC as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 32). (1)H NMR-derived serum data were analyzed using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).

Efficacy of Withania somnifera on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males: a proton NMR study at 800 MHz.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional Indian systems of medicine use roots of Withania somnifera for impotence, infertility treatment, stress, and the aging process. Although Withania somnifera improves semen quality by regulating reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress, the molecular mechanism is not clear.

Aim Of The Study: Our study uses high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to explore the scientific basis to reveal the pre- and post-treatment efficacy of Withania somnifera on seminal plasma of infertile men-which remains unexplored to date.

Augmentation of therapeutic responses in melanoma by inhibition of IRAK-1,-4.

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are expressed by a variety of cancers, including melanoma, but their functional contributions in cancer cells are uncertain. To approach this question, we evaluated the effects of stimulating or inhibiting the TLR/IL-1 receptor-associated kinases IRAK-1 and IRAK-4 in melanoma cells where their functions are largely unexplored. TLRs and TLR-related proteins were variably expressed in melanoma cell lines, with 42% expressing activated phospho-IRAK-1 constitutively and 85% expressing high levels of phospho-IRAK-4 in the absence of TLR stimulation.

Redirecting gene-modified T cells toward various cancer types using tagged antibodies.

Purpose: To develop an adaptable gene-based vector that will confer immune cell specificity to various cancer types.

Experimental Design: Human and mouse T cells were genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that binds a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecule, termed anti-FITC CAR T cells. Various antibodies (Ab) currently in clinical use including cetuximab (Ctx), trastuzumab (Her2), and rituximab (Rtx) were conjugated with FITC and tested for their ability to bind tumor cells, activate T cells, and induce antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.

Metabolomics of urinary tract infection: a new uroscope in town.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease. For rapid directed therapy of UTIs, it is essential to determine the causative microorganism. To date, there is no single test that has been proven to reliably, rapidly and accurately identify the etiologic organism in UTI.

A proton NMR study of the effect of Mucuna pruriens on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males.

The objective of this study was to employ proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy to evaluate the impact of Mucuna pruriens seeds on the metabolic profile of seminal plasma of infertile patients. A total of 180 infertile patients were administered M. pruriens seed powder for a period of three months.