Use of the Child Opportunity Index to Examine Racial Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing to Children.

To examine further racial and ethnic variations in antibiotic prescribing to children, we used the Child Opportunity Index. Black children were less likely to be prescribed an antibiotic. Low- and moderate-opportunity areas were associated with greater rates of antibiotic prescribing, after adjusting for race and other factors.

Quality of antibiotic prescribing to children through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective: To describe pediatric outpatient visits and antibiotic prescribing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design: An observational, retrospective control study from January 2019 to October 2021.

Setting: Outpatient clinics, including 27 family medicine clinics, 27 pediatric clinics, and 26 urgent or prompt care clinics.

Antibiotic prescribing to Kentucky Medicaid children, 2012-2017: Prescribing is higher in rural areas.

Purpose: Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat. Antibiotic use is the main driver of resistance, with children and the state of Kentucky having particularly high rates of outpatient antibiotic prescribing. The purpose of this study was to describe patient and provider characteristics associated with pediatric antibiotic use in Kentucky Medicaid children.

Inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use in children insured by Kentucky Medicaid.

Objective: To describe risk factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to children.

Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescribing to children, using Kentucky Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims data, 2017.

Participants: Population-based sample of pediatric Medicaid patients and providers.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Survey of Protocols for Early Hospital Evaluation and Management.

Objective: To describe the similarities and differences in the evaluation and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) at hospitals in the US.

Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from June 16 to July 16, 2020, of US children's hospitals regarding protocols for management of patients with MIS-C. Elements included characteristics of the hospital, clinical definition of MIS-C, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up.

Medical Students' Views and Knowledge of the Affordable Care Act: A Survey of Eight U.S. Medical Schools.

Background: It is not known whether medical students support the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or possess the knowledge or will to engage in its implementation as part of their professional obligations.

Objective: To characterize medical students' views and knowledge of the ACA and to assess correlates of these views.

Design: Cross-sectional email survey.

Low prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in non-urban pregnant women in Vellore, S. India.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection in pregnant women and the rate of transmission of CT to infants.

Methods: Pregnant women (≥28 weeks gestation) in Vellore, South India were approached for enrollment from April 2009 to January 2010. After informed consent was obtained, women completed a socio-demographic, prenatal, and sexual history questionnaire.

Common childhood bacterial infections.

Children with infectious diseases are commonly encountered in primary care settings. Identification of the subset of patients with bacterial infections is key in guiding the best possible management. Clinicians frequently care for children with infections of the upper respiratory tract, including acute otitis media, otitis externa, sinusitis, and pharyngitis.