Impaired Muscle Parameters in Individuals With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Pilot Study.

Context: Although bone loss is a recognized consequence of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), the impact on skeletal muscle health is less well-defined.

Objective: To compare muscle mass and function parameters between women with POI and controls.

Methods: Cross-sectional study from a tertiary health network and community between 2017 and 2023.

Femora of women with premature ovarian insufficiency exhibit reduced strength and misalignment with the transmitted vertical forces from the upper body.

Background: Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) lack oestrogen, which is a key determinant of bone growth, epiphyseal closure, and bone tissue organisation. Although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived areal bone mineral density (BMD) remains the gold standard for fracture risk evaluation, it does not fully characterise the skeletal abnormalities present in these women. Hence, we aimed to assess hip/femur anatomy, strength, and geometry and femoral alignment using advanced hip analysis (AHA).

Usefulness of Functional Thyroid-Stimulating and Thyroid-Blocking Immunoglobulin Bioassays in an Atypical Presentation of Graves' Disease.

Background/objective: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb) is well recognized as the pathogenic antibody that causes the clinical manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Although the majority of TRAb measured in GD is due to thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), there are other functional classes of TRAb, ie, thyroid-blocking immunoglobulin (TBI) and neutral antibodies, which can alter the clinical course of the disease. We present a case of a patient who demonstrated interesting coexistence of both the forms using Thyretain TSI and TBI Reporter BioAssays.

Abnormal Trabecular Bone Score, Lower Bone Mineral Density and Lean Mass in Young Women With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Are Prevented by Oestrogen Replacement.

Background: Low bone density (BMD) and fractures commonly affect women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, bone microarchitecture and body composition data are lacking.

Objective: To assess and characterise musculoskeletal phenotype and effects of oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women with POI.

Musculoskeletal Health in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Part Two: Bone.

Accelerated bone loss and muscle loss coexist in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), but there are significant gaps in our understanding of musculoskeletal health in POI. This review describes estrogen signaling in bone and its role in skeletal health and disease. Possible mechanisms contributing to bone loss in different forms of POI and current evidence regarding the utility of available diagnostic tests and therapeutic options are also discussed.

Musculoskeletal Health in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Part One: Muscle.

Accelerated bone loss and muscle decline coexist in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), but there are significant gaps in our understanding of musculoskeletal health in POI. This article is the first of a two-part review which describes estrogen signaling in muscle and its role in musculoskeletal health and disease. Current evidence regarding the utility of available diagnostic tests and therapeutic options is also discussed.

Anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis associated with Medullary thyroid cancer.

AMPA receptor (AMPAR) antibodies are a group of recently discovered antibodies which target the neuronal synaptic proteins causing B-cell (immune) mediated neuronal damage, resulting in various neurologic syndromes depending on the area of central nervous system involvement. These syndromes are mostly reversible if treated early. Tumour association has been reported in up to 60% of cases in the most recent case series with lung, breast, ovarian cancers and thymomas being the most commonly associated malignancies with these antibodies.

Severe symptomatic hyponatremia associated with the use of polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation.

Summary: Colonoscopy is a useful tool in modern medicine and is increasingly employed for both diagnostic and treatment reasons. However, its effectiveness is highly reliant on the quality of bowel cleansing. Among different bowel-cleansing agents available, PEG (polyethylene glycol) is considered to be the safest cleansing agent, especially in relation to fluid and electrolyte problems.