Publications by authors named "Navin Kumar"

Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a distressing ailment that progressively limits the active and passive mobility of the shoulder joint. Physical therapy (PT) combined with intra-articular steroid (IAS) injection and suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) has shown improved functional outcomes. We aimed to assess whether providing both IAS injection and SSNB improved outcomes compared with IAS injection alone.

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Both trabecular and cortical bone undergo changes at multiple scales. We previously demonstrated the multi-scale changes in trabecular bone quality that contribute to bone fragility in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The link between increased fragility in T2D and multi-scale changes in cortical bone and their interaction with glycation remains unclear.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study compares the effectiveness of two methods of postoperative oral feeding—on-demand versus predetermined timing—in patients who had elective cholecystectomy surgeries under general anesthesia.
  • - A total of 120 patients were divided into two groups; one received coconut water upon request (On-Demand group), while the other received it at a set time (Predetermined-Time group).
  • - Results showed similar rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting in both groups, but patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the On-Demand group, suggesting that allowing patients to choose when they eat enhances their recovery experience.
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Background: High output enterostomy leads to malnutrition and fluid/electrolyte loss which may be challenging to manage despite dietary modification, anti-motility, anti-secretory drugs, and parenteral nutrition. Distal infusion stomal enteroclysis (DISE) is an alternative to restore nutritional deficit and replace parenteral nutrition in resource-limited settings where treatment cost and availability of trained nurses are limiting factors.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and feasibility of DISE in managing postoperative enterostomal output.

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: Radiation therapy (RT) plays a crucial role in managing prostate cancer, offering effective disease control and improving survival rates in both localized and recurrent cases. However, RT can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis, a significant late complication resulting in chronic morbidity and other health issues. This study aims to evaluate the real-world incidence of radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis requiring surgical intervention.

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Study Objectives: To study the association between sleep-quality, total sleep duration and wound-healing among adult patients having good sleep-quality at the time of admission in hospital, undergoing laparotomy for various reasons.

Methods: In this observational study consecutive adult subjects undergoing emergency laparotomy were followed up until the eighth postoperative day. The primary outcome (wound healing) was assessed using the Southampton Wound Grading System.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating disease in preterm and term neonates. Despite significant progress made in understanding NEC pathogenesis over the last 50 years, the inability of current definitions to discriminate the various pathophysiological processes underlying NEC has led to an umbrella term that limits clinical and research progress. In this mini review, we provide a historical perspective on how NEC definitions and pathogenesis have evolved to our current understanding of NEC endotypes.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on how raising intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy affects ventilatory mechanical power (MP) and other respiratory parameters.
  • It involved 42 patients and assessed multiple IAP levels and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), finding that increasing IAP led to a significant rise in MP and respiratory driving pressure (DP), while airway resistance (AR) and respiratory compliance (RC) changed inversely.
  • The results suggest that maintaining a specific IAP could help optimize ventilatory support and reduce the risk of lung injury during surgery.
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Background: Specialty clinics can be challenging for students on the internal medicine clerkship. They often lack the specialized knowledge necessary to fully engage in the clinic and may be pushed into an observational role, rather than being afforded meaningful opportunities. These peripheral roles undermine self-efficacy, and, therefore, education and interest.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Doctors suspected various conditions, including soft tissue sarcomas and cysts, but MRI indicated a primary intramuscular hydatid cyst; however, tests for echinococcal infection were negative.
  • * During surgery, it was discovered that the lesion was actually cysticercosis, a rare condition, and the patient recovered well, emphasizing the need to consider this diagnosis in similar cases, especially in endemic regions.
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When treating orthopaedic damage or illness and accidental fracture, bone grafting remains the gold standard of treatment. In cases where this approach does not seem achievable, bone tissue engineering can offer scaffolding as a substitute. Defective and fractured bone tissue is extracted and substituted with porous scaffold structures to aid in the process of tissue regeneration.

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The activity of daily living (ADL) related to stair climbing is one of the most compromised ADLs among the elders. It requires good muscle strength, balance, and range of motion (ROM) in the lower limb. We aimed to investigate the effects of Yoga complemented with physiotherapy (Intervention group) compared to only physiotherapy (control group) on lower limb muscle strength, balance, and ROMs among elders with ADL limitation in stair climbing.

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Introduction: A significant proportion of breast cancer cases are hereditary and are potentially preventable. However, adoption of the preventive measures remains a significant challenge, particularly because of to lack of knowledge and awareness in low- to middle-income countries.

Methods: This prospective study conducted at a high-volume tertiary care cancer center in North India to assess the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of female breast cancer patients and impact of a brief educational intervention.

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Chronic kidney disease-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism (CKD-SHPT) heightens fracture risk through impaired mineral homeostasis and elevated levels of uremic toxins (UTs), which in turn enhance bone remodeling. Etelcalcetide (Etel), a calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist, suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH) in hyperparathyroidism to reduce excessive bone resorption, leading to increased bone mass. However, Etel's effect on bone quality, chemical composition, and strength is not well understood.

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Cell line authentication plays a crucial role in the biomedical field, ensuring researchers work with accurately identified cells. Supervised deep learning has made remarkable strides in cell line identification by studying cell morphological features through cell imaging. However, biological batch (bio-batch) effects, a significant issue stemming from the different times at which data is generated, lead to substantial shifts in the underlying data distribution, thus complicating reliable differentiation between cell lines from distinct batch cultures.

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is utilized mainly for palliative care worldwide. Ovarian cancer (OC) is a lethal gynecologic cancer. A particular cannabis extract fraction ('F7') and the Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor niraparib act synergistically to promote OC cell apoptosis.

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An obturator hernia (OH) is a rare form of pelvic hernia in which the abdominal contents protrude through the obturator canal. Malnourished, frail, and multiparous elderly females are at risk of an OH. Preoperative diagnosis of obturator hernia is challenging because of non-specific symptoms.

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Introduction: Adenoma per colonoscopy (APC) has recently been proposed as a quality measure for colonoscopy. We evaluated the impact of a novel artificial intelligence (AI) system, compared with standard high-definition colonoscopy, for APC measurement.

Methods: This was a US-based, multicenter, prospective randomized trial examining a novel AI detection system (EW10-EC02) that enables a real-time colorectal polyp detection enabled with the colonoscope (CAD-EYE).

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Vascular dysfunction contributes to the development of osteopenia in hypertensive patients, as decreased blood supply to bones results in tissue damage and dysfunction. The effect of anti-hypertensive medicines on bone mass in hypertensive individuals is inconclusive because of the varied mechanism of their action, and suggests that reducing blood pressure (BP) alone is insufficient to enhance bone mass in hypertension. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a hemorheological drug, improves blood flow by reducing blood viscosity and angiogenesis, also has an osteogenic effect.

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Objective: Physiologic breast milk production in the first 24 hours is estimated to be between 2 and 10 mL per feed. Many mothers intending to breastfeed use formula supplementation (FS) early on, which can affect successful breastfeeding. Whether the volume and timing of FS introduced in the first 24 hours of life (24 HOL) impacts the rate of "breastfeeding at discharge" (BFAD) is not well-studied and was investigated herein.

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Objective: To investigate the effects of transcranial electrical and magnetic non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) protocols on somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in chronic ischemic stroke.

Methods: 33 patients were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups of the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and/or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol. SEP parameters were recorded before and after ten days of the treatment session.

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In this study, the role of inelastic deformation of bone on its strain rate-dependent mechanical behaviour was investigated. For this, human cortical bone samples were cyclically loaded to accumulate inelastic strain and subsequently, mechanical response was investigated under compressive loading at different strain rates. The strain rate behaviour of fatigued samples was compared with non-loaded control samples.

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