Comprehensive Review of : A Holistic Exploration into Its Botanical Marvels, Phytochemical Riches, Therapeutic Potentials, and Safety Profile.

Human health is now inextricably linked to lifestyle choices, which can either protect or predispose people to serious illnesses. The Mediterranean diet, characterized by the consumption of various medicinal plants and their byproducts, plays a significant role in protecting against ailments such as oxidative stress, cancer, and diabetes. To uncover the secrets of this natural treasure, this review seeks to consolidate diverse data concerning the pharmacology, toxicology, phytochemistry, and botany of L.

Efficiency of Recovery of the Bioactive Principles of Plants by Comparison between Solid-Liquid Extraction in Mixture and Single-Vegetable Matrices via Maceration and RSLDE.

The term "officinal" derives from the Latin and includes all medicinal, aromatic and perfume plant species, which have long been a subject of interest for multiple purposes: health, food, pharmacological, cosmetic and so on. In this work, a study on six different species of medicinal plants, particularly characterized by digestive, choleretic and diuretic properties, was carried out: rosemary (), sage (), laurel (), gentian (), dandelion () and rhubarb (). The roots and aerial parts of plants were separately extracted with two different techniques-maceration and rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE)-and the quali/quantitative analysis of active ingredients have been determined by applying dry residue, Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assays.

A peripheral signature of Alzheimer's disease featuring microbiota-gut-brain axis markers.

Background: Increasing evidence links the gut microbiota (GM) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the mechanisms through which gut bacteria influence the brain are still unclear. This study tests the hypothesis that GM and mediators of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) are associated with the amyloid cascade in sporadic AD.

Methods: We included 34 patients with cognitive impairment due to AD (CI-AD), 37 patients with cognitive impairment not due to AD (CI-NAD), and 13 cognitively unimpaired persons (CU).

Inhibitory Potential of Chromene Derivatives on Structural and Non-Structural Proteins of Dengue Virus.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become a serious health issue across the globe. It is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, and it comprises five different serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-5). As there is no specific medicine or effective vaccine for controlling dengue fever, there is an urgent need to develop potential inhibitors against it.

L. An Incalculable but Underexplored Food Crop: Its Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Industrial Applications.

L. (guava) is a small tree known for its fruit flavor that is cultivated almost around the globe in tropical areas. Its fruit is amazingly rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber.

Edible Films Made of Dried Olive Leaf Extract and Chitosan: Characterization and Applications.

Nowadays a possible strategy in food preservation consists of the use of active and functional packaging to improve safety and ensure a longer shelf life of food products. Many studies refer to chitosan-based films because of the already-known chitosan (CH) antibacterial and antifungal activity. In this work, we developed CH-based films containing Dried Olive Leaf Extract (DOLE) obtained by Naviglio extractor, with the aim to investigate the polyphenols yield and the antioxidant activity of this extract entrapped in CH-based-edible films.

Reduction of De Novo Lipogenesis Mediates Beneficial Effects of Isoenergetic Diets on Fatty Liver: Mechanistic Insights from the MEDEA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Non-alcoholic liver steatosis (NAS) results from an imbalance between hepatic lipid storage, disposal, and partitioning. A multifactorial diet high in fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, and vitamins D, E, and C reduces NAS in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by 40% compared to a MUFA-rich diet. We evaluated whether dietary effects on NAS are mediated by changes in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity, and/or β-oxidation.

Detailed Chemical Characterization and Biological Propensities of Malabaila lasiocarpa Extracts: An Endemic Plant to Turkey.

This study focused on the biological evaluation and chemical characterization of Malabaila lasiocarpa Boiss. (M. lasiocarpa) (Family: Apiaceae).

Antioxidant Properties of Pulp, Peel and Seeds of Phlegrean Mandarin ( Blanco) at Different Stages of Fruit Ripening.

In this work, we assess the potential of waste products of Phlegrean mandarin ( Blanco), namely seeds and peel, to be reutilized as a source of bioactive compounds beneficial for the human diet. Starting from the evidence that the by-products of this specific cultivar are the most powerful sources of antioxidants compared to pulp, we have investigated if and how the bioactive compounds in peel and seeds may be affected by fruit ripening. Three stages of fruit ripening have been considered in our study: unripe fruits = UF, semi-ripe fruits = SRF, ripe fruits = RF.

Antioxidant Activity of Mart. Stem Bark Fraction in an Iron Overload Model.

Mart., popularly known as "barbatimão", is a plant species traditionally used by topical and oral routes for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Considering the well-described antioxidant properties of this species, this study investigated the protective effects of its keto-aqueous extract using an in vitro model of iron overload.

Assessment of Copper and Heavy Metals in Family-Run Vineyard Soils and Wines of Campania Region, South Italy.

Copper-based phytosanitary treatments are widely employed in viticulture for combating the fungal diseases of European grape ( L.). Herein we evaluated copper accumulation in the soil of a 50-year-old still productive vineyard in South Italy in comparison with samples taken from a 'control' area in which grapevines had never been cultivated, as well from an abandoned vineyard, now planted with cereals and forage crops, both close to the main area under investigation.

Mechanical Processing of Larvae and Pupae Produces Oils with Antimicrobial Activity.

The aim of this work was to develop processing methods that safeguard the quality and antimicrobial properties of and oils. We adopted a vegetable diet for both insects: leftover vegetables and fruit for and mulberry leaves for . First, alternative techniques to obtain a good oil extraction yield from the dried biomass of larvae were tested.

Relationships between food and diseases: What to know to ensure food safety.

In recent years, the concept of food has undergone a radical transformation to the point of attributing to foods, in addition to their nutritional and sensorial properties, an important role in maintaining health and psycho-physical well-being and in the prevention of certain diseases. However, foods can hide many pitfalls for human health. There are many critical points in food production processes and they can represent real risks of contamination or of unsafe food production for consumers.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Lipopolysaccharide as Mediators Between Gut Dysbiosis and Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Metagenomic data support an association between certain bacterial strains and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their functional dynamics remain elusive.

Objective: To investigate the association between amyloid pathology, bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs: acetate, valerate, butyrate), inflammatory mediators, and markers of endothelial dysfunction in AD.

Methods: Eighty-nine older persons with cognitive performance from normal to dementia underwent florbetapir amyloid PET and blood collection.

Application of Analytical Chemistry to Foods and Food Technology.

Foods are a mixture of substances capable of supplying the human body with nutrients, which, once metabolized, are used mainly for the production of energy, heat, replenishment, and growth material for organs and tissues, ensuring the normal performance of vital functions necessary for growth of the human body. Therefore, the study of the chemical composition of foods and the properties of their constituents helps to define their nutritional and commodity values. Furthermore, it allows for evaluation of the chemical modifications that the constituents of the food undergo following the treatments (Food Technology) to which they are subjected.

OctoPartenopin: Identification and Preliminary Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from the Suckers of .

Microorganism resistance to conventional antibiotics represents one of the major global health concerns. This paper focuses on a peptide (OctoPartenopin) extracted from suckers of bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation was used to identify this sequence, which holds significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. OctoPartenopin is encrypted within the calponin sequence and was associated with the high levels of proteolytic activity already reported in octopus arm suckers.

Comparative Studies on Different Cultivars: A Revaluation of Waste Mandarin Components.

Peel, pulp and seed extracts of three mandarin varieties, namely Phlegraean mandarin (), Kumquat (), and Clementine () were compared and characterised in terms of photosynthetic pigment content, total polyphenols amount, antioxidant activity and vitamin C to assess the amount of functional compounds for each cultivar. The highest polyphenols content was found in the Phlegraean mandarin, especially in peel and seeds, whereas Kumquat exhibited the highest polyphenols amount in the pulp. The antioxidant activity was higher in the peel of Phlegraean mandarin and clementine compared to Kumquat, which showed the highest value in the pulp.

Identification and Characterization of Nasal Polyposis and Mycoplasma Superinfection by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Nasal Cytology with Optical Microscopy: A Case Report.

Nasal polyposis is characterized by benign, non-cancerous and painless growths originating in the tissue of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. Polyps arise from chronic inflammation due to asthma, recurrent infections, allergies, drug sensitivity or immune disorders. They can obstruct the nasal cavities and thus cause respiratory problems, a reduction in the sense of smell and susceptibility to infections.

Rapid Solid-Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE): A Powerful and Greener Alternative to the Latest Solid-Liquid Extraction Techniques.

Traditionally, solid-liquid extractions are performed using organic and/or inorganic liquids and their mixtures as extractant solvents in contact with an insoluble solid matrix (e.g., the Soxhlet method) or using sequential atmospheric pressure systems that require long procedures, such as maceration or percolation.

Corrigendum to "Mathematical optimization of the green extraction of polyphenols from grape peels through a cyclic pressurization process" [Heliyon 5 (4) (April 2019) e01526].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Secondary metabolites produced by grapevine strains of grown at two different temperatures.

is a fungal plant pathogen that has been associated with Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine. Despite several studies on , until now the production of secondary metabolites by strains isolated from grapevines has not been reported. The ability of two strains of isolated from grapevine to produce lipophilic metabolites was studied.

Mathematical optimization of the green extraction of polyphenols from grape peels through a cyclic pressurization process.

In the current era of high consumption and increasing waste, many products that are believed to be unusable can find a new purpose in the market. For example, the grape peel waste resulting from the production of wine contains numerous bioactive compounds. In reality, grape peels are by-products of winemaking that can be conveniently reused in many different ways, including agronomic use and cosmetic industry applications.

Grape pomace polyphenols improve insulin response to a standard meal in healthy individuals: A pilot study.

Background & Aims: Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects on glucose/lipid metabolism in subjects at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We aimed to evaluate: 1) the acute effects of the consumption of a drink rich in polyphenols from red grape pomace (RGPD) on glucose/insulin and triglyceride responses to a standard meal in healthy individuals, and, 2) the relationship between plasma levels of phenolic metabolites and metabolic parameters.

Methods: Twelve healthy men, aged 20-40 years participated in a randomized, controlled study according to a cross-over design.

Drug Release of Hybrid Materials Containing Fe(II)Citrate Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique.

The use of oral iron integration is commonly recommended for the treatment of iron deficiency, nevertheless the diagnosis and treatment of this disease could clearly be improved. The aim of this work was the synthesis of therapeutic systems, iron (II) based, by sol-gel method. In an SiO₂ matrix, we embedded different weight percentages of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ferrous citrate (Fe(II)C) for drug delivery applications.

Iron (II) Citrate Complex as a Food Supplement: Synthesis, Characterization and Complex Stability.

Iron deficiency represents a widespread problem for a large part of the population, especially for women, and has received increasing attention in food/supplement research. The contraindications of the iron supplements commercially available (e.g.