Uncovering structural variants in Creole cattle from Guadeloupe and their impact on environmental adaptation through whole genome sequencing.

Structural variants play an important role in evolutionary processes. Besides, they constitute a large source of inter individual genetic variation that might represent a major factor in the aetiology of complex, multifactorial traits. Their importance in adaptation is becoming increasingly evident in literature.

Genomic Reconstruction of the Successful Establishment of a Feralized Bovine Population on the Subantarctic Island of Amsterdam.

The feral cattle of the subantarctic island of Amsterdam provide an outstanding case study of a large mammalian population that was established by a handful of founders and thrived within a few generations in a seemingly inhospitable environment. Here, we investigated the genetic history and composition of this population using genotyping and sequencing data. Our inference showed an intense but brief founding bottleneck around the late 19th century and revealed contributions from European taurine and Indian Ocean Zebu in the founder ancestry.

Blend of Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) By-Products as Nutritive and Healthy Food Ingredients: Chemical Composition, Functional Properties and Application in Plant-Based Burger.

The chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and functional properties of mixtures of baru by-products, named baru food ingredients (BFI), were investigated and applied in a plant-based burger formulation. BFI were prepared from wasted baru by-products - partially defatted baru nut cake and baru pulp plus peel. A plant-based burger was developed and its chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, cooking and texture parameters were determined.

Prebiotic Activity of Pequi ( Camb.) Shell on and Strains: A Medicinal Food Ingredient.

Pequi is a native and popular fruit in Cerrado biome. The internal yellow-orange mesocarp is the edible fraction of the fruit, but its shell (peel and external mesocarp), which comprises 80% of the fruit, is not used by the agro-industry during fruit processing. There is a growing interest in the reduction of food loss and waste because of environmental, economic, and social impacts.

Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) agro-industrial by-products promote the growth and metabolism of probiotic strains.

Aims: To evaluate the phytochemical composition and effects of the baru peel and pulp (BPP) and the partially defatted baru nut (DBN) on the growth and metabolism of probiotics.

Methods And Results: The proximate composition, including dietary fibers, and polyphenol profile were determined in the BPP and DBN, and the prebiotic activity was evaluated on the growth and metabolism of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. BPP and DBN have a high content of insoluble fibers and phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids.

Whole genome sequencing reveals signals of adaptive admixture in Creole cattle.

The Creole cattle from Guadeloupe (GUA) are well adapted to the tropical environment. Its admixed genome likely played an important role in such adaptation. Here, we sought to detect genomic signatures of selection in the GUA genome.

Chemical composition and prebiotic activity of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) pulp on probiotic strains and human colonic microbiota.

Little knowledge is available in literature regarding the chemical composition and health-promoting effects of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) pulp, a by-product usually discarded by the agro-industry during the processing of baru fruit. This study evaluated the chemical composition of baru pulp and investigated its prebiotic activity on distinct probiotic strains and human colonic microbiota with in vitro assays.

Gut microbiota and physical exercise in obesity and diabetes - A systematic review.

Background And Aim: The gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in maintaining health, and imbalance in its composition is associated with the physiopathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diet and antibiotics are known modulators of GM, but the influence of physical exercise in modulating the diversity and abundance of hindgut bacteria is still poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the scientific evidence about the effect of physical exercise on GM modulation in subjects with obesity and T2DM.

The genetic history of Mayotte and Madagascar cattle breeds mirrors the complex pattern of human exchanges in Western Indian Ocean.

Despite their central economic and cultural role, the origin of cattle populations living in Indian Ocean islands still remains poorly documented. Here, we unravel the demographic and adaptive histories of the extant Zebus from the Mayotte and Madagascar islands using high-density SNP genotyping data. We found that these populations are very closely related and both display a predominant indicine ancestry.

Assessment of ecosystem services provided by livestock agroecosystems in the tropics: a case study of tropical island environment of Guadeloupe.

The present study aims to assess (1) the ecosystem services (ES) provided by LFS and (2) the differential ES between local (Creole) and exotic breeds from pig, cattle and goat. The ES are defined as the benefits that humans derive from LFS. They were summarized in 12 ES indicators that cover services related to provisioning, ecological and socio-cultural aspects and territorial vitality.

Mutagenic and genotoxic activities of Phospholipase A Bothropstoxin-I from Bothrops jararacussu in Drosophila melanogaster and human cell lines.

Phospholipase A Bothropstoxin-I (PLA BthTX-I) is a myotoxic Lys49-PLA from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom. In order to evaluate the DNA damage caused by BthTX-I, we used the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster and Comet assay in HUVEC and DU-145 cells. For SMART, different concentrations of BthTX-I (6.

Dietary fibers as beneficial microbiota modulators: A proposed classification by prebiotic categories.

Dietary fiber is a group of heterogeneous substances that are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine. Some fibers can be classified as prebiotics if they are metabolized by beneficial bacteria present in the hindgut microbiota. The aim of this review was to specify the prebiotic properties of different subgroups of dietary fibers (resistant oligosaccharides, non-starch polysaccharides, resistant starches, and associated substances) to classify them by prebiotic categories.

ADAM10: Biomarker of mild cognitive impairment but not of cognitive frailty.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with physical frailty gave rise to the new concept of cognitive frailty. Previous studies have suggested that MCI may represent a condition that precedes Alzheimer's disease (AD), in view of its higher conversion rate to dementia, when compared with the conversion rate of cognitively healthy older adults. Therefore, and considering that MCI represents a reversible condition, the identification of biomarkers for this condition is imperative to early diagnosis.

The Identification of Runs of Homozygosity Gives a Focus on the Genetic Diversity and Adaptation of the "Charolais de Cuba" Cattle.

Inbreeding and effective population size (Ne) are fundamental indicators for the management and conservation of genetic diversity in populations. Genomic inbreeding gives accurate estimates of inbreeding, and the Ne determines the rate of the loss of genetic variation. The objective of this work was to study the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in order to estimate genomic inbreeding (F) and an effective population size using 38,789 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Illumina Bovine 50K BeadChip in 86 samples from populations of Charolais de Cuba (n = 40) cattle and to compare this information with French (n = 20) and British Charolais (n = 26) populations.

New cannabinoid receptor antagonists as pharmacological tool.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new series of cannabinoid receptor antagonists of indazole ether derivatives have been performed. Pharmacological evaluation includes radioligand binding assays with [H]-CP55940 for CB1 and CB2 receptors and functional activity for cannabinoid receptors on isolated tissue. In addition, functional activity of the two synthetic cannabinoids antagonists 18 (PGN36) and 17 (PGN38) were carried out in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 that is able to express CB2R upon osteogenic conditions.

The Facelift in South American Patients.

South America is a vast territory; its people were made from all parts of the world. The miscegenation made a unique population comprised of Indian, Asian, Caucasian, African, Mestizo, Mulatto, and Zambo. The South American patients tend to have a wider face with a skin-soft tissue envelope (S-STE) that is thicker, heavier, and has less elasticity than the Caucasian patient.

Modulating effect of vitamin D3 on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of doxorubicin in Drosophila melanogaster and in silico studies.

Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency increases DNA damage, while supplementation may exert a pro-oxidant activity, prevent viral infections and formation of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of VD3 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test and the Epithelial Tumor Test, both in Drosophila melanogaster. For better understanding of the molecular interactions of VD3 and receptors, in silico analysis were performed with molecular docking associated with molecular dynamics.

Betulinic acid modulates urethane-induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in mice and Drosophila melanogaster.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in several plant species. Urethane (URE) is a known promutagen. Here, we examine the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of BA alone or in combination with URE using the bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow cells and the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test in Drosophila melanogaster.

High-Lard and High-Cholesterol Diet, but not High-Lard Diet, Leads to Metabolic Disorders in a Modified Dyslipidemia Model.

Background: In view of the increased global prevalence of cardiovascular and hepatic diseases, the diet lipid content and its relationship with the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes have been investigated as key factors in preventing these diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the metabolic effects of a high-lard diet supplemented or not with cholesterol on a modified dyslipidemia model.

Methods: We divided 24 adult male Wistar rats into three groups: standard diet (STD - 4% lipids), high-lard diet (HLD - 21% lard), and high-lard and high-cholesterol diet (HL/HCD - 20% lard, 1% cholesterol, 0.

Mutagenicity and recombinogenicity evaluation of bupropion hydrochloride and trazodone hydrochloride in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.

The aim of the present study was to appraise the mutagenic and recombinogenic potential of bupropion hydrochloride (BHc) and trazodone hydrochloride (THc). We used standard (ST) and the high bioactivation (HB) crossings from Drosophila melanogaster in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. We treated third-instar larvae from both crossings with different concentrations of BHc and THc (0.

Potential of Whole Pequi ( spp.) Fruit-Pulp, Almond, Oil, and Shell-as a Medicinal Food.

Pequi () pulp, the most consumed component of pequi fruit, is one of the richest Brazilian carotenoid sources, and the most important carotenoid food source native to the Cerrado. However, there are considerable differences among pequi species regarding total carotenoids content and carotenoids profile. Camb.

Transport of the Ruthenium Complex [Ru(GA)(dppe)]PF into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Is Facilitated by Transferrin Receptors.

The triple-negative breast cancer subtype (TNBC) is highly aggressive and metastatic and corresponds to 15-20% of diagnosed cases. TNBC treatment is hampered, because these cells usually do not respond to hormonal therapy, and they develop resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. On the other hand, the severe side effects of cisplatin represent an obstacle for its clinical use.

Effect of Surgical Installation of Dental Implants on Surface Topography and Its Influence on Osteoblast Proliferation.

Surface treatment alone does not determine the final microtopography of a dental implant, which can be influenced by implant design and the surgical procedure. This study investigated the effect of surgical placement of dental implants with same surface treatments on surface roughness. Three implants (SIN) of each group with different macrogeometries (Strong, Stylus, and Tryon) were analyzed using laser interferometry and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate surface topography.

Potential Prebiotic Properties of Nuts and Edible Seeds and Their Relationship to Obesity.

Obesity is a global epidemic chronic condition and is progressing at a rapid rate. This review focuses on the potential prebiotic properties of nuts and edible seeds and the plausible mechanisms that their consumption may help the prevention and the management of overweight and obesity. The literature review was performed by searching papers about the topic in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases.