Prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: An institutional experience from India.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for > 90% of Head and neck cancers and has a poor 5-year survival rate of only 50%. Immunosuppressive agents like PD-L1 inhibitors have been found to improve survival in many tumour types, including advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The PD-L1 expression in this tumour can also predict clinical outcome.

Efficacy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosing Secretory Carcinoma of Salivary Gland: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The diagnosis of salivary gland secretory carcinoma (SC) in fine-needle aspiration specimens is challenging because its low-grade nature makes it difficult to differentiate it from various benign or malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Currently, the gold standard is demonstration of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. However, the decision for ordering this costly molecular testing can be facilitated by the correct recognition of its cytomorphological features.

Medical students' perspective on online teaching during pandemic: Experience from a Government Medical College in Uttarakhand, India.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has forced medical education to undergo sudden metamorphosis from the traditional face-to-face education to distance online learning. This transition was dealt with a lot of infrastructure and technical difficulties from both teacher and learner ends, especially in a developing country like India. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing students' perspective and problems faced in the live online teaching.

Role of Haematological Changes in Predicting Occurrence of Leishmaniasis- A Study in Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand.

Introduction: A number of cases of Leishmaniasis have been reported from non-endemic sub-himalayan regions of India. Due to low clinical suspicion and atypical presentation, cases may go undetected or there may be a delay in diagnosis.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinico-haematological parameters and bone marrow findings so that a high degree of suspicion could be made in unsuspected cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Leishman Donovan (LD) body negative bone marrow smears.

Cytomorphological features of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of parotid gland: A case report with review of literature.

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare slow growing malignant neoplasm characterized by cysts and intraluminal papillary projections. It is defined by WHO as a separate entity. On FNA, cytological features can mimic with various papillary and cystic neoplasms of salivary gland.

Multicentric aggressive mammary fibromatosis with cytological features and review of literature.

Fibromatosis is a fibroblastic lesion composed of uniform fibroblasts and collagen with an infiltrative growth pattern but lacking malignant cytological features. It is a rare entity and is even more unusual when found in the breast. Multicentricity in fibromatosis has been reported in 10% cases.

Huge uterine-cervical diverticulum mimicking as a cyst.

Here we report an incidental huge uterine-cervical diverticulum from a total abdominal hysterectomy specimen in a perimenopausal woman who presented with acute abdominal pain. The diverticulum was mimicking with various cysts present in the lateral side of the female genital tract. Histopathological examination confirmed this to be a cervical diverticulum with communication to uterine cavity through two different openings.

An approach to histology-based diagnosis and treatment of Madura foot.

Madura foot is a deep mycosis commonly seen in tropical and subtropical countries such as India. Its incidence is likely to rise in temperate regions as well, due to the increase in worldwide travel. The cases presented here are all agricultural workers from a rural part of northern India who had induration, fibrosis and minimal discharge from sinuses over the foot.

Kala-azar--a case series from non endemic area, Uttarakhand.

Resurgence of kala azar in India has posed many problems. Apart from endemic areas, cases are being reported from non-endemic area. Other than diagnostic difficulties, resistance to stibogluconate & relapses are common problem in sporadic visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

Pilomatricoma mimicking small round cell tumor on fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report.

Background: Pilomatricoma, a benign skin adnexal tumor, frequently leads to false positive diagnosis cytologically. We report a rapidly growing nodular swelling misdiagnosed as round cell tumor cytologically and found to be pilomatricoma histopathologically.

Case: A 32-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing, mobile nodule on his left arm for 4 months with fixed, shiny overlying skin.

A rare presentation of invasive rhino-orbital mucormycosis in an immunocompetent young girl: a case report.

A 18 year young, healthy, immunocompetent girl presented with proptosis of left eye, referred to eye OPD, suspected clinico-radiologically as malignancy. This presentation with suspicion of malignancy resulted into extensive surgical debridement with removal of left eye, which was diagnosed as mucormycosis on histopathological examination. Her eye could have been saved if the mucormycosis was highly suspected initially, because of the good general health and immunocompetency led to misdirected thought.

Presence of Hb S in Uttaranchal.

Haemoglobin-S has been reported in several studies on remote populations from various parts of India eg Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Malaysian Indians. Uttaranchal also has got scattered areas with people living in remote-pockets due to its geophysical nature. There has been no previous report from this state about prevalence of Hb-S.

TORCH infection in women with bad obstetric history--a pilot study in Kumaon region.

TORCH infections in the mother are transmissible to fetus in the womb or during the birth process and cause a cluster of symptomatic birth defects. In mother they are inapparent or asymptomatic and hence difficult to diagnose clinically. Over a nine months period 20 pregnant women with bad obstetric history were-studied.