Physio-biochemical and molecular stress regulators and their crosstalk for low-temperature stress responses in fruit crops: A review.

Low-temperature stress (LTS) drastically affects vegetative and reproductive growth in fruit crops leading to a gross reduction in the yield and loss in product quality. Among the fruit crops, temperate fruits, during the period of evolution, have developed the mechanism of tolerance, i.e.

Copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of tryptamines with diazo compounds to access hexahydropyrroloindoline derivatives.

A domino reaction sequence of cyclopropanation/ring-opening/iminium cyclization of tryptamine derivatives with donor-acceptor diazo compounds is developed to furnish pyrroloindolines, creating three consecutive stereogenic centers in a single step. The copper-catalyzed reaction provides pyrroloindolines at room-temperature with good substrate scope.

Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp)-H Biarylation of 8-Methyl Quinolines with Cyclic Diaryliodonium Salts to Access Functionalized Biaryls and Fluorene Derivatives.

Herein, we have developed the cyclic diaryliodonium salts as biarylating agents in the C(sp)-H functionalization using 8-methyl quinoline as the intrinsic directing group. The oxidant-free reaction produces a vast array of the biarylated products with iodo functionality that can be further functionalized. Additionally, intramolecular C(sp)-H functionalization in a stepwise manner under palladium-catalyzed conditions produced the fluorene derivatives in excellent yields.

Regiodivergent cascade cyclization/alkoxylation of allenamides N-protecting group driven rearrangement to access indole and indoline derivatives.

A mild, palladium-catalyzed domino Heck-cyclization/alkoxylation sequence of aryl halide tethered allenamides is described, providing regiodivergent indole and indoline derivatives controlled by the N-protecting group. This room temperature reaction provided a functionalizable olefinic moiety with broad substrate scope. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the rearrangement of an indoline-derived intermediate to indoles with the -acetyl allenamides forming free (NH) indoles.

Transfer hydrogenation of pyridinium and quinolinium species using ethanol as a hydrogen source to access saturated N-heterocycles.

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (TH) for the reduction of heterocycles is an emerging strategy for accessing biologically active saturated N-heterocycles. Herein, we report a TH protocol that utilizes ethanol as a renewable hydrogen source and an Ir catalyst for the reduction of quinolines and pyridines. The reaction is promoted by simple amides as ligands.

Dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes by palladium-catalyzed domino Heck/intermolecular direct hetero arylation with heteroarenes.

A palladium-catalyzed domino Heck/intermolecular direct hetero arylation sequence of unactivated alkenes was developed, providing 1,2,3-triazole containing bisheterocycles bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with yields of 25-90%. The protocol was extended to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as well. The installed triazole was further exploited for late-stage functionalizations, and the mechanistic studies indicate the involvement of C-H activation.

Prostatitis: prevalence, health impact and quality improvement strategies.

Since its identification as a discrete entity, prostatitis has been a crippling and dreadful disease for the males and from then till date it is well recognized that it has continuously eluded the urologists and the practitioners and the patients were generally avoided. But the newer advent in research has changed the concept of the medical management of prostatitis that had been in stagnation for the past many years. The traditional myths related to the disease were continued to be unlighted with improved understanding of the distribution, cause and measures for the management of this disease.