A comparative study between one step dilatation and serial dilatation technique in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the first line treatment for treating kidney stones larger than 2 cm size with the advantages of lower morbidity and faster post-operative recovery. Creation of a nephrostomy access is one of the major steps of PCNL. It can be done either by single-step dilatation or by multi-step serial dilatation technique.

Multi‑objective optimization of nitrile rubber and thermosets modified bituminous mix using desirability approach.

A variety of materials, including waste and rubber products, have been used in road construction to improve the performance of bituminous pavements. The present investigation is focused on modifying bitumen using Nitrile rubber (NBR) with different thermosets namely Bakelite (B), Furan Resin (FR), and Epoxy resin (ER). The emphasis of the problem is to arrive at a mix to achieve maximum Marshall Stability (MS) and minimum flow value of Modified Bituminous Concrete.

Role of videourodynamics in the identification of causes of lower urinary tract symptoms and low uroflow in young men.

Introduction: The etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is multifactorial with causes attributed either to the dysfunction of the bladder or its outlet. Although the etiologies are well studied in aged men, very limited research trials are available in young men with LUTS. Most of the time young men presenting with chronic irritative or obstructive symptoms are labeled with chronic prostatitis or prostatodynia and are treated empirically.

A Numerical Investigation on Hydrothermal Performance of Micro Channel Heat Sink with Periodic Spatial Modification on Sidewalls.

Electronic gadgets have been designed to incorporating very small components such as microcontrollers, electronic chips, transistors, microprocessors, etc. These components are exceptionally heat sensitive and can be wrecked if heat is not released. As a result, the thermal control of such components is critical to their optimum performance and extended life.

-(2a,2a ,3a,3a ,5a,6a)-2a-Allyl-2,4-di-chloro-2a,2a,3a,5a,6,6a-hexa-hydro-3a-3-oxadi-cyclo-penta-[,]penta-len-3a-ol.

The title racemic triquinane, CHClO, is composed of four five-membered rings, one of which is a tetra-hydro-furan ring to which an allyl group on one side and a hydroxyl group on the other side are attached. The core of the triquinane unit has a configuration. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by pairwise O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating inversion dimers featuring (8) loops.

Analysis of Microchannel Heat Sink of Silicon Material with Right Triangular Groove on Sidewall of Passage.

Microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is a promising solution for removing the excess heat from an electronic component such as a microprocessor, electronic chip, etc. In order to increase the heat removal rate, the design of MCHS plays a vital role, and can avoid damaging heat-sensitive components. Therefore, the passage of the MCHS has been designed with a periodic right triangular groove in the flow passage.

One-pot thiol-free synthetic approach to sulfides, and sulfoxides selectively.

A facile and efficient thiol-free one-pot method for direct synthesis of sulfides and sulfoxides under green conditions without using any metal catalyst is reported. For this purpose, we used benzyl bromides as starting materials in the presence of potassium thioacetate (PTA) and Oxone® which are low-cost, and readily accessible chemicals. This method is highly compatible with a variety of functional groups and delivered a series of sulfides, bis-sulfides, and sulfoxides in good yields.

Annulation Tactics of cis-syn-cis Triquinanes by Allylsilanes: Application of Hosomi-Sakurai Reaction Conditions.

A stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition approach to functionalized pentaquinanes starting from cis-syn-cis triquinanes, derived from Cookson's diones, is reported. This transformation involves generation of six new stereocenters in a single step leading to cis-anti-cis-syn-cis-anti-cis polyquinane systems. Our method prevents transannular cyclizations which are prevalent in these moieties.

5-[(1,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-4-yl-idene)amino]-2-methyl-isoindoline-1,3-dione.

The title ,-di-methyl-thio-hydantoin containing an -methyl-ated pthalimide group, CHNOS, arose from an unexpected reaction in a deep eutectic di-methyl-thio-urea-tartaric acid solvent system. The mean planes of the ring systems are twisted at an angle of 73.84 (17)°.

()-3-Thia-1,5(1,3)-dibenzena-cyclo-undeca-phan-8-ene-6,11-dione 3,3-dioxide.

The molecular structure of the title cyclophane, CHOS, has two benzyl groups, a sulfone group, and two carbonyl groups adjacent to a double bond. The phenyl rings do not show intra-molecular stacking.

Monthly maintenance protocol Bacillus Calmette-Guerin as a viable alternative to Southwest Oncology Group maintenance protocol in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: A prospective randomized study.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, and recurrence following transurethral resection poses the biggest challenge. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) maintenance with the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) protocol remains the gold standard but with poor patient compliance.

Materials And Methods: The present study aims to compare the SWOG maintenance protocol with a monthly maintenance protocol comprising 12 monthly doses of intravesical BCG.

Serovar diversity of among poultry.

Background & Objectives: Salmonellosis due to the consumption of contaminated poultry products is a well-known public health concern, and assessing the distribution of Salmonella serovars among poultry becomes important for better prevention and control. The objective of the present study was to assess the distribution of Salmonella serovars among poultry.

Methods: The isolates received at National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre during 2011-2016 were subjected to biochemical identification, followed by serological characterization to identify the Salmonella serovars, and the data were presented to exhibit the distribution of Salmonella serovars among poultry.

Multicomponent Approach to Hydantoins and Thiohydantoins Involving a Deep Eutectic Solvent.

We report an efficient synthetic strategy to diverse hydantoins and thiohydantoins involving a three-component reaction with the aid of deep eutectic solvent. Here, N,N'-dimethyl urea and N,N'-dimethyl thiourea play a dual role as reactant and reaction medium along with l-(+)-tartaric acid. The three-component reaction provides an easy access to 5-amino-1,3-dialkyl-substituted hydantoins and thiohydantoins in good yields.

Systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma initially presenting as a bladder mass.

Urinary bladder lymphomas are rare lesions which may be primary bladder lymphomas or part of systemic lymphoma with bladder involvement. We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a 73-year-old female who presented with bladder tumor which on evaluation revealed NHL with extensive systemic involvement. The management of such an advanced case is discussed here with literature review.

Impact of Various Irrigating Agents on Root Fracture: An in vitro Study.

Introduction: Irrigating solutions are used for cleaning and removing dentinal debris, and the other remains from pulpal space during biomechanical preparation. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of various irrigating agents on root fracture at 5-minute time exposure.

Materials And Methods: We sectioned 60 permanent maxillary premolars with fully formed root structures transversely maintaining the root length of approximately 14 mm.

The Antioxidant Potential of Azadirachta indica Ameliorates Cardioprotection Following Diabetic Mellitus-Induced Microangiopathy.

Background: Cardiac complications associated with diabetes mellitus have become major cause of concern. Antidiabetic drugs, with varied mode of action, are although available, apprehensions exist for their limited action or side effects upon prolonged use. Efforts are therefore inclined toward finding other alternatives.

Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: an Indian experience.

Unlabelled: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is emerging as the treatment of choice over open splenectomy (OS) in cases of idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that is either steroid resistant or steroid unresponsive.The aim of the present study is to compare therapeutic response and outcome of patients with ITP undergoing LS with a similar group undergoing OS.The study was performed on 63 patients with ITP attending Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, a tertiary level referral centre in Eastern India during 2005-2009.

Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has to be made early in the emergency triage since maximal mortality occurs within first hour and the benefits of all interventions are greater once these are instituted early. Diagnosis is easy and based on simple principals of good history, physical examination, early and complete 12 lead electrocardiogram and use of echocardiography which should be available in the emergency triage area. Subsequently biomarkers are also available for documentation and risk stratification.

Emergency management of sigmoid volvulus--institutional experience over four years.

Sigmoid volvulus is a serious surgical emergency and a common cause of large bowel obstruction in India. Patients present with abdominal pain, distension and obstipation and abdominal skiagram usually reveals the characteristic omega sign. Non-operative detorsion with early elective sigmoidectomy is the procedure of choice where gut viability is not in doubt and features of peritonitis are absent.

Laparoscopic repair of late presenting congenital Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia.

Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia is a common congenital anomaly presenting in the neonatal period and managed by open surgical procedures. Late presentation is usually associated with better prognosis. Here a case of a 10 years old boy presenting with Bochdalek hernia, managed primarily by laparoscopic approach is reported.

Demonstration of motionless Knudsen pump based micro-gas chromatography featuring micro-fabricated columns and on-column detectors.

This paper reports the investigation of a micro-gas chromatography (μGC) system that utilizes an array of miniaturized motionless Knudsen pumps (KPs) as well as microfabricated separation columns and optical detectors. A prototype system was built to achieve a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) and 0.26 mL min(-1) for helium and dry air, respectively, when they were used as carrier gas.

Cardiac amyloidosis--two case reports with variable presentation.

Many cases of progressive heart failure due to cardiac amyloidosis remain undiagnosed due to the rarity and lack of suspicion on part of physician. Treatment options are limited and patients are also poor responders in later stages. Hence, early diagnosis by recognition of syndromic presentation and diagnostic modalities is helpful in retarding the disease process.

Sensitivity pattern of Salmonella serotypes in Northern India.

Background: Enteric fever continues to be a major public health problem, especially in the developing countries of the tropics. We determined the incidence of Salmonella bloodstream infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns from May to August in the years 1997-2001 in Haryana, a large state of India. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for 60 isolates of S.