Application of bioelectric effect to reduce the antibiotic resistance of subgingival plaque biofilm: An study.

Context: Biofilms are known for their antimicrobial resistance, and so is the subgingival plaque biofilm, the primary etiologic factor for periodontal infections.

Aims: The objective of this study is to investigate if the subgingival plaque biofilm resistance can be reduced using doxycycline in the presence of low-intensity electric field (bioelectric effect).

Settings And Design: The study was an microbiological study.

Efficacy of a Novel Zn-Substituted Monetite-Based Scaffold in the Treatment of Periodontal Osseous Defects.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a zinc-substituted nanostructured monetite-based scaffold (Sil-Oss®) in the treatment of periodontal intra-bony osseous defects.

Methods: Thirty subjects participated in this study. Two sites in each subject were randomly assigned into each of the following experimental groups: Test group - open flap debridement (OFD) with Sil-Oss®; and control group - OFD with hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft.

Effect of a Locally Delivered Probiotic-Prebiotic Mixture as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii), mixed with a prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), in the treatment of periodontal disease when used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Methods: The study was carried out on 30 subjects who were diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis and had at least two sites in two different quadrants with ≥ 5 mm probing pocket depth (PPD).

Possible Association Between the Mallampati Score of the Oropharynx and Measures of Tongue Coating, Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Status.

Purpose: To assess oral hygiene and the gingival and periodontal disease status in subjects scored under the modified Mallampati classification (MMC) of the oropharynx.

Patients And Methods: The clinical parameters included recording MMC scores, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), modified gingival index (MGI), tongue coating index (TCI) and periodontal status of the subjects. Eight additional parameters, which included percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), sites with probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm, tooth loss, attachment loss (AL):age ratio, diabetic status, smoking, the interplay of dental status and systemic factors (DS-SFI), and background characteristics (socioeconomic status and stress) were also assessed.

Identical mitochondrial somatic mutations unique to chronic periodontitis and coronary artery disease.

Context: The inflammatory processes involved in chronic periodontitis and coronary artery diseases (CADs) are similar and produce reactive oxygen species that may result in similar somatic mutations in mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA).

Aims: The aims of the present study were to identify somatic mtDNA mutations in periodontal and cardiac tissues from subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and determine what fraction was identical and unique to these tissues.

Settings And Design: The study population consisted of 30 chronic periodontitis subjects who underwent coronary artery surgery after an angiogram had indicated CAD.

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane Colonization--An in Vitro Study.

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the colonization and penetration of specific bacteria on nanosilver-impregnated GTR (guided tissue regeneration) membranes.

Methods: Three sets of GTR membranes were used in this study: 1) GTR-C: Plain GTR membrane as a negative control; 2) GTR-NS: GTR membrane impregnated with silver nanoparticles as the test group; 3) GTR-DOX: GTR membrane impregnated with 25% (w/w) doxycycline hydrochloride acting as a positive control. Stress-strain characteristics were calculated to determine the physical properties of the control and impregnated membranes.

Evaluation of clinical, antiinflammatory and antiinfective properties of amniotic membrane used for guided tissue regeneration: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory, antiinfective and clinical properties of amniotic membrane (AM) when used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in contained interdental defects.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. Two sites in each subject were randomly assigned into each of the following experimental groups; test group: AM with bone graft and control group: Bone graft only.

Effect of a single session of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled pilot study was to evaluate the effects of indocyanine green (ICG) as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in terms of reduction in percentage of viable bacteria and host tissue injury.

Method And Materials: The study included a small cohort of 30 subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Three sites from three different quadrants were selected and were randomly treated by (1) scaling and root planing (SRP), (2) SRP with application of 810 nm diode laser, or (3) SRP with application of 810 nm diode laser and ICG at a concentration of 5 mg/ mL.

Locally delivered antioxidant gel as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy improves measures of oxidative stress and periodontal disease.

Purpose: The present study has two aims; firstly, it attempts to verify the presence of oxidative stress by estimating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in periodontal pockets ≥5 mm as compared to controls. The second aim is to evaluate the effect of lycopene as a locally delivered antioxidant gel on periodontal health and on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative injury.

Methods: Thirty-one subjects participated in this study.

A regenerative approach towards mucosal fenestration closure.

Mucosal fenestration is an opening or an interstice through the oral mucosa. A lesion which occurs with greater frequency than generally realised, its occurrence is attributed to a myriad of causes. Mucogingival procedures including connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts and lateral pedicle grafts are generally considered to be the treatment of choice in the closure of a mucosal fenestration.

A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Aloe vera mouth rinse.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Aloe Vera mouth rinse on experimental plaque accumulation and gingivitis.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, controlled, and double-blind study, a total of 148 systemically healthy subjects were screened in the age group of 18-25 years. Finally, 120 subjects were requested to abstain from oral hygiene (tooth brushing) for 14 days and used a specially fabricated plaque guard.

Novel and often bizarre strategies in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Treatment of periodontal disease involves complex mechanical, surgical, and medical modalities. Some of the treatment regimens are patient centered, some involve a great amount of technical expertise and competence from a practitioner, and often involve complex procedures like use of tissue-engineered products. In spite of several advances, treatment of periodontal disease depends on scaling and root planing and various surgical procedures as the mainstay, but results of treatment are not always predictable and are often frustrating.

Efficacy of lycopene as a locally delivered gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: smokers vs nonsmokers.

Objective: The present study was carried out as a multicenter, randomized controlled, split-mouth clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of locally delivered lycopene on periodontal health and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in smokers and nonsmokers compared with periodontally healthy control subjects.

Method And Materials: One hundred ten subjects including 50 smokers, 50 nonsmokers, and 10 controls participated in this study. Subjects in the smoker and nonsmoker groups had contralateral sites treated with lycopene gel and a placebo.

Periodontal findings in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and comet assay of affected gingival epithelial cells.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) involves large sections of population and is related to certain chewing practices that involve direct exposure of the gingiva to noxious chemicals and additives. The impact of such practices, although studied extensively in relation to the cheek mucosa, is not elucidated as far as gingival tissues are concerned. The possible DNA damage on affected gingiva is also one of the objectives of the present study.

Volumetric analysis of intrabony defects in aggressive periodontitis patients following use of a novel composite alloplast: a pilot study.

Objectives: Hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and bioactive glass are the most commonly studied alloplastic materials in periodontal regeneration. These materials have been tested alone and in combination with one another, but evaluation using all three materials in one defect has not yet been attempted. Although posttreatment histologic evaluation or reentry procedures are ideal for objectively assessing regeneration, computed tomography (CT) has become one more technique in clinicians' armories to judge the effectiveness of any such interventions.

Multi-centre, randomized clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor with β-tricalcium phosphate in human intra-osseous periodontal defects.

Aim: the objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a formulation containing recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in patients with periodontal defects and to compare it with those of β-TCP alone.

Materials And Methods: in this double-blind, prospective, parallel, active-controlled, randomized, multi-centre clinical trial, 54 patients with periodontal osseous defects were randomly assigned to rhPDGF-BB+β-TCP or β-TCP. Following periodontal surgery, respective implantation was performed.