Identification of predictive patient characteristics for assessing the probability of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality.

As the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to understand patient factors that may be used to predict the occurrence of severe cases and patient mortality. Approximately 20% of SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by the harmful actions of inflammatory mediators. Patients with severe COVID-19 are often afflicted with neurologic symptoms, and individuals with pre-existing neurodegenerative disease have an increased risk of severe COVID-19.

Prognostic significance of acute kidney injury stage 1B in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: A US nationwide study.

Understanding the prognostic significance of acute kidney injury (AKI) stage 1B [serum creatinine (sCr) ≥1.5 mg/dL] compared with stage 1A (sCr < 1.5 mg/dL) in a US population is important as it can impact initial management decisions for AKI in hospitalized cirrhosis patients.

Community kitchen tandoors (CKT)-a potential candidate for air pollution mitigation strategies?

Community kitchen tandoor (CKT) is a clay-based hollow cylindrical device commonly used in South Asian and Middle Eastern countries for baking flatbreads and cooking meat. These CKTs, generally fuelled by charcoal or wood, contribute significantly to the pollution loads in ambient air along with occupational exposure hazards. CKTs, being a part of the informal sector, lack emissions and safety guidelines.

Longer time to recovery from acute kidney injury is associated with major adverse kidney events in patients with cirrhosis.

Background: In patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury (AKI), longer time to AKI-recovery may increase the risk of subsequent major-adverse-kidney-events (MAKE).

Aims: To examine the association between timing of AKI-recovery and risk of MAKE in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods: Hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and AKI (n = 5937) in a nationwide database were assessed for time to AKI-recovery and followed for 180-days.

Classification and Detection of Mesothelioma Cancer Using Feature Selection-Enabled Machine Learning Technique.

Cancer of the mesothelium, sometimes referred to as malignant mesothelioma (MM), is an extremely uncommon form of the illness that almost always results in death. Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy are all potential treatments for multiple myeloma; however, the majority of patients are identified with the disease at an advanced stage, at which time it is resistant to these therapies. After obtaining a diagnosis of advanced multiple myeloma, the average length of time that a person lives is one year after hearing this news.

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring of Buildings Using Spectral Clustering.

With widely deployed smart meters, non-intrusive energy measurements have become feasible, which may benefit people by furnishing a better understanding of appliance-level energy consumption. This work is a step forward in using graph signal processing for non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) by proposing two novel techniques: the spectral cluster mean (SC-M) and spectral cluster eigenvector (SC-EV) methods. These methods use spectral clustering for extracting individual appliance energy usage from the aggregate energy profile of the building.

Machine Learning and Image Processing Enabled Evolutionary Framework for Brain MRI Analysis for Alzheimer's Disease Detection.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal protein bundles in the brain tissue, but experts are not yet sure what is causing the condition. To find a cure or aversion, researchers need to know more than just that there are protein differences from the usual; they also need to know how these brain nerves form so that a remedy may be discovered. Machine learning is the study of computational approaches for enhancing performance on a specific task through the process of learning.

Acute kidney disease is common and associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury.

Background & Aims: Acute kidney disease (AKD) is the persistence of acute kidney injury (AKI) for up to 3 months, which is proposed to be the time-window where critical interventions can be initiated to alter downstream outcomes of AKI. In cirrhosis, AKD and its impact on outcomes have been scantly investigated. We aimed to define the incidence and outcomes associated with AKD in a nationwide US cohort of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and AKI.

Practice patterns and outcomes associated with intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury.

Background & Aims: Guidelines recommend albumin as the plasma-expander of choice for acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis. However, the impact of these recommendations on patient outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to determine the practice-patterns and outcomes associated with albumin use in a large, nationwide-US cohort of hospitalized cirrhotics with AKI.

Adherence to anticoagulant guideline for atrial fibrillation: A large care gap among stroke patients in a rural population.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with oral anticoagulant undertreatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) among a cohort of rural patients with stroke outcomes and examine how undertreatment may influence a patient's one-year survival after stroke.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke AF diagnosis from September 2003 to May 2019 and divided them into proper treatment and undertreatment group. Analysis included chi-square test, variance analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier estimator, and Cox proportional-hazards model.

Impact assessment of clean cookstove intervention in Gujarat, India: a potential case for corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding.

Exposure to indoor air pollutants released from traditional cookstoves in rural Indian households is a matter of great concern. While there are various studies over several decades focused towards intervention strategies for reducing air pollutants, limited literature exists towards the identification of appropriate methodology for feasible intervention, adoption and usage of improved cookstoves (ICS). In the present study, PM and CO microenvironment concentrations are estimated in households using traditional and improved cookstove (NEERDHUR).