Nocturnal growth hormone surges in type 1 diabetes mellitus are both sleep- and glycemia-dependent: assessment under continuous sleep monitoring.

Our work has studied the relationship between nocturnal growth hormone (GH) surges, sleep and glycemia in seven conventionally treated type 1 diabetic patients under continuous sleep monitoring and the results were compared to those found in five age-matched healthy controls. On the experimental day, sleep was monitored from 24.00 to 07.

Severe hypoglycemia as a short-term side-effect of the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We report on a case of severe hypoglycemia observed after injection of the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient connected to an artificial pancreas (Biostator GCIIS). Hypoglycemia occurred in a sudden and unexpected way 23 min after the first SMS injection (50 ug). Details on patient's characteristics and on the peculiar clinical situation in which this complication appeared are given.

Effect of two new alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

The delay in glucose absorption at the intestinal level obtained with the administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors may contribute to an improved metabolic control in diabetic patients. We have examined the effects of two new compounds, BAY m 1099 (short acting) and BAY o 1248 (long acting), on the postprandial glycemic changes, the insulin requirements and the meal-induced hormone responses in nine insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD). The investigation was conducted according to a protocol in which medication and placebo were administered in a double-blind randomized manner.

Effect of a long-acting somatostatin derivative SMS 201-995 (sandostatin) on glucose homeostasis in type I diabetes mellitus.

The infusion of natural somatostatin (SRIF) has been able to partially correct postprandial hyperglycemic reactions in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). SMS 201-995 (Sandostatin) is a long-acting derivative with a growth hormone-suppressive effect 10-60 times more potent than the native peptide. The effect of SMS 201-995 (50 micrograms s.

Somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 and insulin needs in insulin-dependent diabetic patients studied by means of an artificial pancreas.

SMS 201-995 is a new somatostatin analog which is 10-60 times more potent and specific than somatostatin as an inhibitor of GH and insulin release. The aim of this study was to assess its value as an adjunct to insulin therapy in insulin-dependent diabetic- (IDD) patients. Six IDD patients were studied.

Carcinoid heart disease: a Doppler echocardiographic report.

This paper describes the two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler findings in a 25-year-old man with tricuspid insufficiency due to carcinoid heart involvement. A hypothesis explaining the time sequence of the carcinoid valve involvement is suggested.

A comparison of premeal subcutaneous insulin infusion and injection in type I diabetic patients under continuous basal subcutaneous insulin delivery.

Blood glucose control under continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was assessed in five type I diabetic patients by measurement of mean blood glucose and M-values. These results were compared with the data obtained from treatment with constant basal subcutaneous insulin delivery supplemented by injection of regular insulin before meals into changing sites of the anterior abdominal wall. CSII treatment gave significantly (P less than 0.

Characterization of insulin resistance in type I diabetes.

Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the euglycaemic clamp technique in eight type I diabetic patients (after overnight blood glucose normalization with an artificial pancreas) and in six healthy subjects. Basal insulin concentrations were higher in diabetic patients (25 +/- 4 microU/ml) than in control subjects (17 +/- 1 microU/ml; P less than 0.05).

Incidence of hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients under continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensified conventional insulin treatment: assessment by means of semiambulatory 24-hour continuous blood glucose monitoring.

The incidence and magnitude of hypoglycemia (i.e., blood glucose values less than 50 mg/dl) were assessed by continuous blood glucose monitoring over 24 h in 10 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and 9 IDD patients under intensified conventional treatment (ICT).

Semisynthetic human insulin and purified pork insulin do not differ in their biological potency.

The biological potency of semisynthetic human insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo) and purified pork insulin (Actrapid MC, Novo) was assessed in normal and diabetic subjects. The blood glucose lowering effect and the related counter-regulatory response were initially tested in six healthy subjects who received an i.v.

Importance of early postprandial insulin delivery in insulin-dependent diabetics.

In nine insulin-dependent diabetics postprandial glucose control under closed loop insulin infusion by an artificial endocrine pancreas was compared with that obtained under open loop infusion employing identical infusion profiles which were advanced 20 min by time in the case of open loop infusion. The earlier increase of insulin infusion rates in the latter case resulted in lower postprandial glucose concentrations during the first 90 min after meal intake. Incremental areas under the blood glucose curves during this time were significantly lower when insulin infusion rates rose earlier (4.

Studies on the pathogenesis of the dawn phenomenon in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

To assess the role of hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of the dawn phenomenon, nocturnal (9:00 PM to 9 AM) concentrations of blood glucose, free insulin, and counterregulatory hormones were determined in eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients under feedback-controlled and continuous insulin infusions after previous blood glucose normalization. Under feedback control, mean insulin requirements, necessary for maintenance of euglycemia rose significantly in the early morning (11:00 PM to 3 AM: 8.4 +/- 1.

[A new test-strip for checking blood-sugar levels].

Blood sugar levels in 228 EDTA-treated venous blood samples were measured in the laboratory by a new test-strip (Visidex) and the hexokinase reference method. There was good agreement between the two, with a linear correlation of r = 0.92 and a regression line with a slope of 0.